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Ivan_Lujan_Block5_MM8 (The Cell Cycle (Sexual reproduction (Prokaryotic…

- - - - Eukaryotes
        
        contain chromosomes in form of chromatids
      - Prokaryotes
        
        contain circular chromosome
        
        Binary fission
        
        Membrane pinching divides into two equal daughter cells
        
        Budding
        
        Bud forms on cell and expands but not fully
  - - - Prophase
        
        movement
        of centrosomes to opposite poles of the cell, and spindle fibers form. Nucleus and nuclear envelope dissolve whilst chromosomes visible via condensing.
      - Metaphase
        
        spindle fibers attach to the centromere of chromosomes and align them at mid-cell so that sister chromatids face opposite poles.
      - Anaphase
        
        sister chromatids are pulled by the
        attached spindle fibers to opposite poles
      - Telophase
        
        membrane
        pinches at mid-cell and the nuclear envelop reforms. (Animal)
        
        Vesicles move to the center and dissect the cell (Plant)
      - Cytokineses (Not actual step)
        
        Cell division
    - - Rest G(0) Preparing for cell division
      - G(1)
      - Synthesis (s) Centriole doubles as well as dna
      - Gap 2 (2) Nucleus begins to dissolves and cell growth
  - - - A prokaryotic cell with f factor gene use conjunction pilus to transfer DNA
        
        Limited time to transfer DNA
      - Two separate gene chromatic circles
        
        Hfr is combined gene circles
    - - Mutant arg(-) trp(+) mixed with arg(+) trp(-) create a colony and when cells die DNA is released and picked up by others
    - - The form of sexual reproduction in the form of virions
        
        Via injecting Ineffective DNA
        
        As cell cycle continues via binary fission
        
        Prophage then creating more viral particles to be released
    - - In Meiosis 1 is responsible for reducing chromosome count from a diploid to haploid state
        
        Chromosomes are not split but rather whole and receive one copy of each chromosome rather than homologous pair
        
        Meiosis 1 produces two cells
        
        In meiosis 2 two cells undergo to the exact process of mitosis but are instead haploid rather than diploid cells
        
        Each cell produces two sex cells
- - - - Initiating apoptosis (automated cell death) when irreparable DNA or cell damage has occurred.
    - - MPF
        
        promote a cell that is the right size and that is
        
        ready for mitosis to pass the G2/M checkpoint
    - - MPF
        
        promote a cell that is the right size and that is
        
        ready for mitosis to pass the G2/M checkpoint