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C8: Fuels and Earth Science (Crude Oil (A mixture of hydrocarbons, It…
C8: Fuels and Earth Science
Hydrocarbons
They are compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon
Petrol
Used for cars
Homologous series
An example of this are alkanes
A series of compounds which have the same general formula and similar chemical properties.
Crude Oil
A mixture of hydrocarbons
It contains hydrocarbon molecules where the carbon atoms are in chains or rings
It provides fuels and feed stock for the petrochemical industry
Fractional distillation is the process to separate crude oil
The gases from crude oil can be used for heating and cooking
Kerosene
Used for aircrafts
Diesal
Used for some cars and trains
Fuel oil
Used for large ships and some power stations
How do hydrocarbons from different fractions differ from each other?
Number of hydrogen atoms in the molecules
Ease of ignition
Viscosity - the state of being thick, sticky, and semi-fluid in consistency, due to internal friction.
Boiling points
Bitumen
Used to surface roads and roofs
Fractions from fractional distillation of crude oil (top to bottom)
Gases, Petrol, Kerosene, Diesel, Fuel, Bitumen
Sulfur dioxide
Why is it produced when hydrocarbons burn?
Sulfur impurities in the fuel combine with oxygen
Sulfur dioxide dissolves in rain water which is a major cause of acid rain
Acid rain problems
Fish eggs don't hatch
Buildings are weathered
Insects die
Metals corrode faster
Crops don't grow well
Alkane
An unsaturated hydrocarbon
What is the general formula?
CnH2n