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Factors that affect reaction rate (Nature of Reactants (State of Matter…
Factors that affect reaction rate
Concentration
as concentration increases -> number of particles increases -> more collides -> average reaction rate increases
Temprature
1) Increase temperature, increase average kinetic energy
2) Reacting particles collide more frequently at higher temperatures
Presence and absence of catalysts
a substance that increased the rate of the chemical rxn without being consumed in the rxn
it does not yield more product
not included in the reactants nor the product (not in chemical equation)
lowers activation energy for the reaction to take place at a given temperature - more collisions between particles - sufficient energy to overcome the activation energy barrier - increases average rxn rate
surface area
Smaller particles of the same mass have more surface area than one large particle. This speeds up the rate of reaction by increasing collision rate between reacting particles.
Nature of Reactants
State of Matter
Gases tend to react faster than aqueous solutions, liquids or solids
Bond Type
Reactions involving ionic species tend to proceed faster than reactions involving molecular compounds (covalent bonds are stronger)
Bond Strength
Reactions involving the breaking of weaker bonds proceed faster than reactions involving the breaking of stronger bonds.
Number of Bonds/Molecular Size
Reactions involving the breaking of fewer bonds per reactant proceed faster than those involving the breaking of a larger number of bonds per reactant.
Strength of Acid
Strong acids which are completely ionized in solution react faster than weak acids which are only partially ionized in solution
Reactivity of Metal
Metals with low electronegativity react faster than metals with higher electronegativity because the lower the value the more easily a metal will give up electrons.