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Chickering’s Theory of Psychosocial Development in College Students…
Chickering’s Theory of Psychosocial Development in College Students
Developing competence
b) Physical/Manual competence
both athletic and artistic accomplishments
c) Interpersonal competence
communication and cooperative skills; being able to relate and respond appropriately
a) Intellectual competence
basic cognitive skills such as understanding, synthesis, analysis
Developing purpose
ability to intentional, to assess interests and options, to clarify goals, to make plans, and to persist despite obstacles
a) Vocational plans
b) Personal interests
c) Interpersonal and family commitments
Managing emotions
finding a balance between self-control and self-expression
Developing integrity
b) Personalizing values
change and refine own beliefs and actions through experience and new knowledge while respecting others’ values
a) Humanizing values
self-interests are balance with interests and needs of others
c) Developing congruence
increasingly look to own values as a guide to behavior
Developing mature interpersonal relationships
tolerance, appreciate others’ differences, capacity of intimacy, degree of self-involvement
Establishing identity
c) Develop a sense of self within a social, historical and culture milieu
d) Clarify self-concept by trying on, rejecting, or accepting roles and life-style choices
e) Develop a sense of self in response to valued others
f) Gain self-esteem or self-acceptance
b) Be comfortable with gender and sexual orientation
g) Develop personal stability
a) Be comfortable with the body and its appearance
Moving through autonomy toward interdependence
b) Instrumental independence
expand their reference groups
recognize the autonomy of others
self-sufficient
engage in greater reciprocity in relationships
interdependence
a) Emotional independence
SOCIAL CONTRUCTIVISM
a. Social interaction plays a fundamental role in the process of cognitive development
b. The More Knowledgeable Other (MKO)
Vygotsky's constructivist theory: involves cultural history, social context, and language
c. The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)
OBSERVATIONAL THINKING
we have to remember the model's actions
we have the ability to perform the model's actions
pay attention to the model's action
we must be motivated to perform the behavior
acquisition of new behavior, information or concept by observing others and the consequences they experience