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Business Reporting, Visual Analytics & Dashboards (Dashboards…
Business Reporting, Visual Analytics & Dashboards
Business Reporting
Purpose: to improve managerial decisions
Source: data from inside and outside the organization (via ETL)
Format: text + tables + graphs/charts
Distribution: in‐print, email, portal/intranet
Good report attributes:
- Clarity , Brevity , Completeness, Correctness
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Data Visualisation
- The use of visual representations to explore,
make sense of, and communicate data
- Provide insights into complex data sets by
communicating key information in more
intuitive and meaningful ways
- An intersection of the fields of
communication, information and scientific
visualization, statistical graphics and design
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Dashboards
Types of DashboardsDashboards for Strategic Purposes (Monitoring)
- Focus on high‐level measures of performance
- Forecasts
- Indicators of performance
- Contextual information
Dashboards for Analytical Purposes (Analysis)
- Should support interactions with the data (e.g. drill‐down)
- Show patterns for further exploration (find out causes)
- More sophisticated display media
Dashboards for Operational Purposes (Managing)
- Real‐time information is needed for constantly changing environment
- Must grab attention immediately to alert abnormalies
- Deeper level of details is needed – can be accessed by drilling down
Performance Dashboard
- Performance dashboards are commonly used in Business
Performance Management (BPM) software suites and BI platforms
- Dashboards provide visual displays of important
information that is consolidated d and arranged on a single screen so that information can be digested at a single glance and easily drilled in and further explored
Dashboard components
- Display Media are used to present and convey
information in a meaningful way
- Navigation and Container Components group and
display other components
- Selector Components are used to create visualisation
with multiple options to select from
- Alerts are used to draw attention to specific item that
has reached a pre‐defined limit eg( budget or benchmark)
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Emergence of Data Visualization and
Visual Analytics
- Visual Analytics : Information visualization + predictive analytics
- Data / Information visualization : descriptive, what happened?
- Predictive analytics: future focused, what will happen?
What to look for in dashboard?
- Use of visual components to highlight data and exceptions that require action
- Transparent to the user, meaning that they require minimal training and are extremely easy to use
- Combine data from a variety of systems into a single, summarized, unified view of the business
- Enable drill‐down or drill‐through to underlying data sources or reports
- Present a dynamic, real‐world view with timely data
- Require little coding to implement, deploy, and maintain
Best Practices in Dashboard Design
- Benchmark KPIs with industry standards
- Validate the design by a usability specialist
- Prioritize and rank alerts and exceptions
- Enrich dashboard with business‐user comments
- Present information in three different levels
- Pick the right visual constructs
- Provide for guided analytics
Display Media
- Icons
- Icons are simple images that communicate a clear
and simple meaning. eg(alert,up/down,On/off)
- Alert Icons:draw attention to a specific item that has reached a pre‐defined limit
- Must be simple and noticeable.
- Limit alert levels to a maximum of two and ideally one.
- A single shape such as circle or square involving distinct
intensities of the same hue works best.
- Up / Down Icons: convey simple message on whether a measure has gone up or down as compared to some point in the past or the target.
- On/Off Icons: serve as flags to identify some items
as different from others
- Text
- some information has to be encoded as text.
- Images
- photos, illustrations, diagrams
- Unnecessary for most typical business uses
- Drawing Objects
- Useful for arranging and connecting pieces of information
- Displaying information about activities in a process or tasks in a project
- Hierarchical relationship in an organisation chart
- Organizers
- Sets of information need to be arranged in a particular
manner to communicate clearly
- Three ways of organising and arranging information:
- Tables - for arranging data, graphs, icons and images into columns and rows
- Spatial Maps - for finding meaning for spatially
distributed data
- Small multiples
Selector Component
- Selector components let you create
interactive dashboards with multiple
selections
- Radio Button: users can select from a
horizontal or vertical group of selections
- Combo Box: provides a vertical list of
items, when it is clicked users can select
an item from the list
- Accordion Menu: provides a two‐level
menu, users first select a category and
then select items within that particular
category
Types of data:
- Categorical - nominal, ordinal, interval
- Numeric - Revenue,sales,cost, Quantity
Bar and Column Graphs
- Display multiple instances / measures rather than single instance / measure
- Great for displaying measures associated with items in a category eg(regions, departments)
Stacked bar / column graphs
- Good for displaying multiple instances of whole and its parts with emphasis on the whole but is harder to read
- Bar graphs reveal the shifts in the distribution of sales between the four channels more clearly than the stacked bar graph
Line Graph
- Reveal shape of data, trends, fluctuations, cycles, rates of change
- Best for time‐series data
Bar and Column Graphs
- Appropriate use of graphs for different scale types
Pie Charts/Heat Maps
- Data is being expressed as part of a whole. Useful for displaying 6 elements or less
Combination bar and line graphs:Pareto Chart
- Individual values displayed as columns
- Cumulative total of values displayed as a line
- What it shows?
- Slope of line: the steeper the line, the greater the sub‐category’s revenue was relative to the next best sub‐category
- Good for analyzing 80‐20 Rule
Box Plot
- Box plots are good for describing distribution of data, median, range of values
Scatter Plots
- Display whether or not and the direction and degree that 2 paired sets of quantitative values are correlated.
- Scatter plots involving more than 1 set of data
- Scatter plot shown below compares the correlation of number of ads and monthly revenue for TV ads and Radio ads
Graphs not suitable for charts
- Area charts
- Images