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Henry VIII (Government (Domestic polices under Cromwell (Cromwell…
Henry VIII
Government
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Acts of Parliament 1533-1534: The Act in Restraint of Appeals, this gave the monarch the ability to pass imperial jurisdiction and that appeals made by Rome regarding the church in government was discounted meaning Catherine of Aragon couldn't appeal to the Pope
The Act of Supremacy November 1534: It gave legislative force to the royal supremacy and made the King the Supreme Head of the Church of England
The Act of Succession 1534: It declared that Henry's marriage to Catherine was null and void and the succession should be vested in the children of his marriage to Anne.
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Succession
Mary and Elizabeth were both declared illegitimate by Henry when they were born as they had been conceived by Henry's ex-wives but were later declared legitimate again once it was clear he wasn't having anymore
Didn't want Mary Queen of Scots to inherit the throne which is why he re legitimised his other 2 children
Married Catherine of Aragon in order to secure an alliance with Spain and an heir to throne he then divorced her as she couldn't provide an male heir
He loved Jane Seymour more than his previous wives and she provided him a male heir he loved her so much that he requested to be buried next to her when he died and he also made her brother the protector of their son
Society
The elites had to deal with the remnants of the feudal system bu there was growth of a professional and commercial bourgeoisie. However the elites still wielded considerable political and economic influence.
The nobility
The number of nobles during Henry VIII's time in power fluctuated over time so by the end of Henry's rule there were only 9 more nobles than when he started.
People were promoted to nobility by either serving the crown as a soldier or civil servant or their closeness to certain families, like Edward Seymor who ended up becoming Regent
There was only 1 Duke when Henry VIII took the crown but by the end of his time on the throne there were 3 or 4. The increase in the prestigious titles shows Henry was keen to keep people happy.
Many nobles fell victim to Henry VIII's sensitivity towards criticism or treason. For example the Duke of Buckingham who was executed for treason in 1521.
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The Gentry
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Knighthoods were given as a sign of royal favour and it was assumed that a knight would possess an income worth of their title
A gentleman who was entitled to bear a coat of arms was consider an esquire. Such a title was certified by the royal heralds.
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Many of the gentry wanted legal training for their children so they could advance their families position.
Commoners
The lives of ordinary people did not change that much during the first half of Henry's rule however due to inflation there was a drop in real incomes leading many people to feel angry towards the crown.
It made the nobility and the king scared as it became increasingly likely a full scale rebellion could occur and outbreaks of disorder were increasing all over the country