• This innermost kosha is affected by food, asana practice (or any physical exercise), purification rituals, & psychological state
• Earthly encagement of the soul
• Mortal - subject to birth, growth, modification, decay, & death
• The Atman or soul remains unaffected by destruction of body
• Study of anatomy/physiology can help to gain understanding of this kosha (+ asana, kriya, & Ayurveda)