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CHEMICAL ANALYSIS (Identifying non-metal ions (Carbonate ion: 1…
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS
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Purity and formulations
In chemistry, a pure substance can be a single element and a single compound. It does not mix with any other substance.
Pure substances melt and boil at specific temperatures, whereas impure substances melt and boil over a range of temperatures.
A formulation is a complex mixture that has been designed as a useful product. The quantity of each component is carefully measured so the product has the desired properties
Chromatography
Chromatography is a physical separation technique:
- A pencil line is made on the paper
- The coloured inks are put on this line in dots
- The bottom the paper is put into a solvent and the ink starts to go up the paper
- As the solvent moves up the paper, the ink moves up it too and the chemical weakly attracted to the stationary phase will move further up the page
Testing for gases
Hydrogen test - light splint test
Oxygen test - glowing splint
Carbon dioxide - limewater
Chlorine - damp litmus paper
Flame tests
- Place a small amount of chemical of wire mounted in a handle
- We place a Bunsen burner with a blue flame at the end of it
- The colour of the flame can determine the metal ion that is present
- Lithium produces a crimson flame, Sodium produces a yellow flame, Potassium produces a lilac flame, Calcium produces a orange-red flame, Copper produces a green flame.
A spectroscope can be used if it contains a mixture of metal ions
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