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3. Consequences and management of international economic migration…
3. Consequences and management of international economic migration
benefits and challenges of economic migration, causing either conflict or growth and stability
brain drain
positives
UK - Filled skilled shortages of doctors. In 2014, 14% of entrepreneurs new businesses were migrant owned.
positive multiplyer effect
property booms
entrepreneurial - in 2013, 14% of the uk's start up businesses were migrant owned.
negatives
Africa
- 30% of professional leave each year. Nigeria, Ethiopia, Kenya and South Africa are the hardest hit.
generally promotes
remittances
largest flow of remittances from the USA are to Mexico, India, China and Philippines
negatives
host countries rely too much on migrants - interdependent relationship could either be beneficial or cause conflict
economic backwash
- periphery regions drained of young adult workers and labour flow
positives
Mexican
remittances from USA are currently larger than wealth generated within their own country. :warning:
India
- receives more than $70 billion a year (4% of its GDP) which is more they spend on education. Largest sum worldwide.
Increased interdependency of host and source countries
interdependency - the quality of being mutually reliant on one another .
benefits
creation of the EU brought peace to a region with a history of war
Freidman's Golden Arches theory
- "no two countries with a McDonalds would attack each other"
large diaspora communities
China - Nottingham university educational links
EU scientists migrate free around EU universities
increased cooperation o global issues on climate change, plastics in the oceans
economic interdependence - 5 million jobs in America depend on Mexicans. they don't simply trade goods; they manufacture them together.
mutually beneficial relationship - General Motors invested more than half a million manufacturing plants in Mexico
risks
UK's recession in 2009 shrank Estonias economy by 13%
could be a threat to national sovereignty - Brexit
economic backwash
- periphery regions drained of young adult workers and labour flow
some argue remittances still don't outweigh the loss of young adult worlds, skilled labour and impact of remaining ageing population
Trumps recent agendas to cut ties between Mexico and the USA could cause more harm that good to businesses in both countries.
the Schengen Agreement has accelerated the backwash process at an international level. People believe it threatens a nation's
sovereignty
.
Migration policies of host and source countries
Points systems
UK points based migration system
points awarded for having exceptional talent, job in the shortage occupation list, age and experience
UK rents are the highest in Europe due to mass immigration
Australian points based migration system
Skilled migrants make up 68% of 190,000 places on 2015 programme.
Anti-migration movements
Obama more than 2.2 million people between 2009 and 2015
Western Democracy has grown in anti-migration
Ghemawat
- US commitment to foreign aid guessed 30%, actually 1%
media is particularly negatively at times - newspaper article titled "the swarm in our streets" immediately implicates negatively on migrants
Terror attacks in 2001 and 2013 highlighted security concerns of migration. Trumps ban against several Islamic nations highlights this.
Germany
previous open boded policy is being revoked as it might be making Germans vulnerable
Suicide bombing, knife crimes, mass murders, many caused by immigrants
Merkel''s previous policy
said anyone travelling from Greece to Turkey who did not qualify for asylum had to be sent back, but Greece were underperforming with deportations and therefore the deal with be revised.
for every one refugee the UK takes, Germany takes 23.
case study - Mexico to USA