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Chapter 6 (Metals (Metals: Metals are good conductor for heat and…
Chapter 6
Metals
Metals: Metals are good conductor for heat and electricity,
and are malleable and ductile.
Non Metals: Poor Conductors of heat and electricity, and are not malleable and ductile
Metalloids: Metalloids are elements with properties intermediate between those of metals and non-metals
Transition Metals: The transition elements are found in groups IIIA-IIB, these elements are characterized by having unfilled d sublevels.
Alkaline Earth Metals: The alkaline earth elements are in Group 2 of the periodic table. These elements each have two s electrons in their outer shell. The alkaline earth elements are less reactive than the alkali metals.
Noble Gasses
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Compounds have been formed with Rn, Xe, Kr, and Ar.
Halogens
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As the atomic number increases, the reactivity of the halogens decreases.
Fluorine and chlorine exist as gases at room temperature, while bromine is a liquid, and iodine is a solid.
Atomic Radius
Atomic radius is determined as the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms bonded together.
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Electron Sheilding
Electron shielding refers to the blocking of valence shell electron attraction by the nucleus due to the presence of inner-shell electrons.
Electrons in an s orbital can shield p electrons at the same energy level because of the spherical shape of the s orbital.
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Periodic Law
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The periodic law states “When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their chemical and physical properties.”
Ion
Ion: Atoms have equal numbers of positive protons and negative electrons, so they are neutral in electric charge. Atoms can gain or lose electrons and become ions, which are atoms that have a positive or negative charge because they have unequal numbers of protons and electrons.
The process in which an atom becomes an ion is called ionization. It may occur when atoms are exposed to high levels of radiation or when atoms transfer electrons to or from other atoms.