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Classifying Organism (Why Do Scientists Classify (Biologists group…

- - - - Carolus Linnaeus gave them each a two-part scientific name based on the observations that were made.
        
        The naming system he used was called binomial nomenclature.
        
        Binomial means two names.
  - - - A genus is a classification group that contains similar and closely related organisms.
        
        An example is marbled cats, house cats, and pumas are all classified in the genus. Felis all share characteristics like sharp retractable claws and behaviors like hunting other animals.
    - - "Together, the two words indicate a unique species."
        
        "A species is a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce offspring that can also mate and reproduce."
  - - - Only the first letter of the first word in a scientific name is capitalized.
        
        Scientific names contain Latin words.
        
        Carolus Linnaeus used Latin words in in the naming system because Latin was the language that the scientists used during that time.
    - - Using different names for each organism would get very confusing.
        
        An example would be the scientific name for this animal is Marmota monax but depending on where you live people call this a woodchuck, a groundhog, or a whistlepig but really there is only one scientific name.
- - - - His theory had a big impact on how species are classified.
  - - - As he was studying the islands finches observed that some species of finches were similar to each other but they were different from the finches living in South America.
        
        Charles Darwin hypothesized that some members of a single species finch flew from South America to the islands.
        
        Once the finches were on the island they changed over many generations until it was different from the species remaining in South America.
        
        After a long period of time the birds could not reproduce with the birds on the mainland.
        
        The birds had become a new species.
        
        You can have one species that can become different enough to become two species.
  - - - Scientists can now understand that some organisms are similar because they share a common ancestor.
        
        For example, Charles Darwin hypothesized that the finches that were on the Galapagos Islands shared a common ancestor with the finches in South America, they share an evolutionary history.
        
        In today's system of classification considers the history of a species.
        
        "Species with similar evolutionary histories are classified more closely together."
  - - - Comparing the structure of an organism is one way.
        
        Today scientist rely primarily on information about the chemical makeup of the organisms cell.
        
        The more closely two species are related, the more similar the chemicals that make up their cells are related.
- - - - The more levels you share with a group the more you have in common with them.
  - - - They are first an organism is put into a board group then divide into more specific groups.
        
        A domain is the highest of organization and in a domain there are kingdoms.
        
        Within kingdoms there are phyla and within phyla there are classes.
        
        Within classes are orders and within orders are families.
        
        With each family it contains one or more genera and each genus contains one or more species.
        
        "The more classification levels that two organisms share, the more characteristics they have in common."
  - - - A lot of organisms also belong to the same domain as the horned owl.
        
        We will look at the kingdom, phylum, class, and order levels.
        
        "There are fewer kinds of organisms in each group."
        
        The organisms in each group have more in common with each other.
        
        Different owls have more in common with each other than they do with different types of birds.
- - - - "Taxonomic keys are useful tools for determining the identity of organisms."
        
        Taxonomic key includes a series of of paired statements that describe the physical characteristics of different organisms.
        
        A taxonomic key can help you identify mysterious organisms.
        
        Remember how to use the taxonomic key.