Motives of the Third Crusaders
Social
Political
Religious
Economic
Religious promises from the Church
Religious zeal
Recruitment
Frederick Barbarossa brings 80,000 troops
Wants to recapture Jerusalem
Better religious zeal than second crusade because Jerusalem more important and more well known
Guy has lost Jerusalem
Has no land
all the land is up for grabs (apart from Tyre owned by Conrad of Monferrat)
At battle of Hattin, had lost the True Cross
key aim of crusade to recover True Cross
Enemy personified = Saladdin
compared to the devil
Pope explained why God had allowed this calamity
God punishing franks for their sins
Eastern Franks failed to repent after fall of Jerusalem
Western Franks also guilty
amend sins + to turn to the Lord 1st and then face the enemy
Going on crusade seen as way to do penance
Full remission of confessed sins offered
People who died on crusade promised eternal life
Emission from legal prosecution and interest on debt for duration of crusade
Goods + family under the protection of the church during the crusade
Promises from the church for duration of crusade
booty available
Conrad + others motivated by Kingship of Jerusalem + lordships
Eastern nobles seen as failing to protect their land and sinful
Conrad gets married to Isabella - sister of Baldwin IV
Different from second crusade because there was no land to be taken at that time
exemption from interest on debt
all goods under protection of the Church
Saladin Tithe
Richard the Lionheart + Philip II raise this
any knight/noble not going on crusade need to pay 10% on their movable goods towards the cost of the crusade
Might go on crusade to avoid Saladin Tithe
exempt from legal prosecution
Not really motive because the church doesn't have knights to defend themselves
More of a motive in England because richard raised Saladin Tithe more successfully than Philip in France
Cause facitonalism because Philip is poorer than Richard so during crusade has to pay his army less = his army starts leaving him for Richard's army
Feudal Ties
Family Ties
3 Kings went
80,000 people followed Frederick Barbarossa including courtiers + nobles
Most crusaders came from 3 kings of France, England + HRE
Could go if had family history of crusading
Angevine Empire incl. Richard the Lionheart
like 2nd crusade