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Heath 2 (Diseases (Fluorosis (Cause: excessive intake of fluorine…

- - - - AIM: Prevent social stigma & discrimination, enhance legal a/c, establish formal mechanisms for enquiry and grievance redressal, prevent and control spread of HIV/AIDS
      - Provisions:
        
        Prohibition of HIV-testing as a pre-requisite for seeking employment.
        
        Ground for discrimination: Denial, termination, discontinuation or unfair treatment with regard to: (i) employment, (ii) educational establishments, (iii) health care services, (iv) residing or renting property, (v) standing for public or private office, and (vi) provision of insurance
        
        Prohibition of publishing information or advocating feelings of hatred against HIV positive persons
        
        Every person in the care and custody of the state shall have right to HIV prevention, testing, treatment and counseling services.
        
        HIV affected person below 18yrs has the right to reside in a shared household and enjoy the facilities
        
        Person b/n 12-18 yrs age is competent to act as a guardian for a sibling with HIV below 18yrs.
        
        Every state to appoint one or more Ombudsmen to inquire into violations of the Act.
        
        Offences to be cognizable and bailable with jail term of 3months-2yrs and fine upto 1L
    - - NACO
        
        PL-HIV
        
        2017-21.40L
        2015- 21.17L
        2007- 22.26L
        
        New cases
        
        2017-87k
        2015-86k
        
        AIDS related deaths
        
        2017-69k
        2015-67k
        
        In India national prevalence low, but high in some geograpahical area and certain population group
    - - 1981- Discovered in USA
        1986- Chennai
      - Normal Helper T cells/ CD4 cells count - 1000-1200/micro-lt blood, in AIDS <200
      - Transmission
        Neither vector borne nor transmitted by other body fluids
        
        Prime is Sexual transmission- MSM cases has most vulnerability
        
        Intravenous use of drugs
        
        Contaminated blood and blood products transmission
        
        MTCT- Via colostrum during breast feeding
      - Window period ~ 30 days
        Incubation period ~ 45 days
      - Diagnosis: By ELISA(Enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay) based on specific antibody-antigen interaction
      - First Anti-HIV+ virus drug in 1986 - Zydovudine
      - Elimination status by WHO: MTCT rate <2%
      - HIV Estimations- done biennially under NACP since 1998 by NACO in collab with ICMR and NIMS
  - - - Aedes Aegypti mosquito or intrauterine infection
    - - None
  - - - 60% of total cases in India
      - caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae.
    - - Leprosy not a ground for divorce- Personal Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2018
    - - 2016- Leprosy case detection campaign
  - - - Type A influenza virus that causes respiratory disease in pigs