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Keown-Lang_Amber_Block5_MM8, Cell Division --> Genetically Indentical…

- - - - attached w/ protein called cohesin
      - centromere-where 2 chromatids are most closely attached
      - kinetichore-structure of proteins associated with sections of chromosomal DNA at the centromere
- - - - multicellular diploid stage=sporophyte
        
        meiosis in the sporophyte produces spores
- - - - chromosomes condensed
      - nucleoli disappears
      - two identical sister chromatids visible
      - mitotic spindle forms
      - centrosomes move to opposite poles
    - - nuclear envelope fragments
      - microtubuoles interact w/ chromosomes & extend towards center of the cell
      - chromatids have kietochore at centromere
      - microtubules attach to kinetochore
    - - longest stage of mitosis
      - chromosomes at opposite ends of the cell
      - chromosomes line up in center
      - kinetochore attached to microtubuules
      - microtubules known as spindle fibers
    - - shortast stage of mitosis
      - two sister chromatids pulled apart
      - chromatid becomes chromosome
      - chromosomes move to centromere
      - cell elongates
      - both ends have complete DNA set
    - - two daughter nuclei form
      - nuclear envelope develops
      - chromosomes become less condensed
- - - - cell growth
      - nuclear envelope binds nucleus
      - nucleus contains one or more nucleoli
      - two centrosomes formed by replication
        
        centrioles present in animal cells
      - chromosomes not yet condensed
- - - - restriction point in mammilian cells-most important
      - if cleared will complete cell cycle
      - if not cleared, returned to G0 phase
  - - - starts rising after G1 and starts falling during M
- - - - DNA molecules in nonsister chromatids break in corresponding places and swap
    - - each tetrad has one or more regions where crossing over occured