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Egypt's pharaohs ruled as gods (The time of the pyramids (Pyramids…
Egypt's pharaohs ruled as gods
The time of the pyramids
Pyramids were used to store the coffins of the kings from the Old Kingdom
Old Kindgom was a great age of pyramid building
Giza Pyramid - each block weighs at leat 2.5 tons, some weigh 15 tons, there are more than 2 million blocks that make up the pyramid
Its 481 ft tall
covers more than 13 acres
Scholars now believe that peasants built the pyramids not slaves ( I don't agree). In return for their work, the peasants would most likely be paid with grain. The peasants would work not for grain but in honor and respect to the pharaoh
Around 80 pyramids still stand in Egypts. Robbers stole the bodies to steal the countless amounts of treasures inside the coffins.
The power of the pharaohs
Kings of Egypt are known Pharaohs.
They were political leaders
In Mesopotamia, Kings were believed to be representatives of the g-ds
In Egypt, Pharaohs were their g-ds
The Egyptians believed that the Pharaoh was responsible for the kingdom’s well being
They also believed that Pharaoh controlled natural events such as the sun rising, the river flooding and the crops growing
Royal power returned in the Middle Kingdom
The country was slowly regaining its resources
Immortality for the pharaoh
The Egyptians believed the Pharaohs ruled even after their desth
Ka- eternal spirit
Coffins were designed with designs of things the Pharaohs liked to do
Coffins were also filled with jewels, game boards covered in jewels, and clothing
Pharaohs were turned to mummies to preserve the bodies
Religion glorified pharaohs in the Old Kingdom
The time when the third dynasty was in reign was known as the Old Kingdom (2660-2180 BCE)
The first illness brought ruin
Pharaohs were slowly becoming the leaders with no power
The nobles and officials started becoming leaders
Climate change is believed to be an effect of this leader change
When crops would die or the Nile would not flood, the people would look to Pharaoh to fix the floods (but he couldn’t do anything)
2180-2080 BCE
Series of rulers from the same family is called a dynasty. (Menes family)
After one family ended, another would take its place
Egypt has had 31 dynasties spanning 2,800 years
The power of the ruler was reflected throughout the village and vise versa
Projects for the public good
Canals were dug from the Nile to the Red sea to help with transportation
Dikes were used to channel water for irrigation
Drained swamps to create more farmland
Afterlife for commoners
During the Old Kingdom, people believed the Pharaoh was immortal
In the Middle Kingdom, they believed that ordinary people were also immortal
This demoted Pharaohs social class through burial
The Hyksos ruled during the second illness
Second Illness affected the land for seventy years
The Hyksos (rulers of the uplands) were Asian nomads who invaded Egypt during a time of weakness
Ruled Egypt from 1640 - 1570 B.C.E.
The Egyptians copied some ways of life from the Hyksos
They used bronze instead of copper for stronger tools
Used chariots as transportation during battle
Shot arrows from a new kind of bow
1600 B.C.E. Queen Ahhotep took over after husband died in battle
(pacified Upper Egypt and cast out its rebels)
Kamose then took over and defeated the evil Hyksos (drove them to Palestine)
The New Kingdom was an age of empire
New Kingdom 1570 - 1075 B.C.E.
Wealthier and more powerful
Larger and more luxurious buildings
Tomb of King Tut was built at this time
Schloch not as carefully crafted (life modern times vs. 1900’s)
The Egyptian empire
The Hyksos had weaken the defense of the desert so Egypt became an empire
Warlike pharaohs started 18th dynasty 1570 - 1365 B.C.E.
Bowmen, charioteers, and infantry
Red and white crown had always been the signs of the royal palace blue crown was added for battle
Rule by a queen
Hatshepsut (one of tut’s ancestors)
According to Pharaoh customs Pharaohs must be men
Hatshepsut defied that rule and became the first female pharaoh of Egypt (1478 B.C.E. abt)
Attached braided ceremonial beard to her chin
Ruled for 22 years
Better known for trade then war
On tomb, shows trade exchanges between hr and other members of other countries
No one knows how she died
A warrior pharaoh
Thutmose III was Hatshepsut’s stepson
Unlike his stepmother, Thutmose was more drawn to war than trade
Became leader around 1450 B.C.E died 25 years later
15 victories during rule including many invasions of Palestine and Syria
Collected slaves near fourth cataract
Helped gain control of a bigger section of the Nile
Meeting their match
1300 BCE Egyptian armies had crossed Sinai Peninsula and conquered parts of Syria and Palestine, Encountered Hittites (moved to Asia around 1900 BCE)
Egyptians fought Hittites in 1288 BCE which is known as the Battle of Kadesh
Pharaoh and the Hittite king made a treaty, “peace from brotherhood between us forever”
Allies for rest of century
Hittites expanded into Palestine
An age of builders
Tombs were built beneath desert cliffs to prevent robberies
Valley of Kings near Thebes is where Howard Carter found Tut’s tomb
Palaces and temples were also built
Pharaoh means great house
Ramses II was one of the greatest builders of the New Kingdom
Reigned for 67 years
He lived to 99 and father of 150 children
Ramses II created The temple of Amon (Egyptian g-d)
Also built temple in Abu Simbel
Egypt’s power waned
After 1200 BCE, Thutmose III empire began to be decrepit
Palestine would often battle the Egyptians
Deserts did not stop Libyan invaders
After Ramses died, invasions started taking place
Like the empire of Sumer
People of the Sea were a very powerful fighting force
Assyrians to Persians and to many other groups following