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Aaron_Ng_Block4_MM8 (Mitosis (Interphase (Synthesis (S) (DNA replicates),…
Aaron_Ng_Block4_MM8
Mitosis
telophase
nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes
cytokinesis occurs
cytokinesis
animal cell
cell pinches
2 daughter cells
plant cell
vesicles align along the center of the cell
vesicles make up new cell membrane for 2 daughter cells
anaphase
apc triggers separase to destroy cohesin
chromosomes are split and chromatids are pulled by spindle fibers towards centrioles
metaphase
chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
centrioles migrate towards opposite sides of the cell
spindle fibers form
prophase
nuclear membrane dissolves
chromatin condenses into chromosomes
Interphase
Synthesis (S)
DNA replicates
Rest (G0)
Gap 2 (G2)
cell grows
DNA is checked for damage or mutation
p53 protein destroys cell through apoptosis if cell is damaged or mutated
Gap 1 (G1)
cell grows
DNA is checked for damage or mutation
p53 protein destroys cell through apoptosis if cell is damaged or mutated
Cell Cycle
chromosome separation
cell division
chromosome duplication
Transmitting Genetic Information
asexual reproduction
equal division
mitosis
binary fission
DNA is replicated
membrane pinches to split original cell into 2 daughter cells
unequal division
budding
daughter cell grows from parent cell
sexual reproduction
viral mediated
transduction
introduction of DNA into a cell by a virus
cell reprogrammed to produce more virus particles (lytic)
DNA integrated with DNA of original bacteria cell (lysogenic)
non-viral mediated
transformation
incorporation of genetic material from surroundings
transfection
foreign DNA is introduced into the DNA of another cell
direct contact
meiosis+fertilization
metaphase
chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
centrioles migrate towards opposite sides of the cell
spindle fibers form
anaphase
chromosomes are split and chromatids are pulled by spindle fibers towards centrioles
prophase
nuclear membrane dissolves
chromatin condenses into chromosomes
telophase
nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes
cytokinesis occurs
meiosis II
4 haploid daughter cells
prokaryotic conjugation
one bacteria cell forms a conjugation pilus with another bacteria cell
plasmid is transferred to new cell from original
plasmid replicates