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Local and Global Food issues (Food Security/Insecurity (Food Access…

- - - - Utilization of food through adequate diet, clean water, sanitation and health care to reach a state of nutritional well-being where all physiological needs are met.
    - - To be food secure, a population, household or individual must have access to adequate food at all times. They should not risk losing access to food as a consequence of sudden shocks
  - - - Rising Food, Transportation and Agriculture costs
        
        Reduced global investment in food and agricultural development
        
        Population Growth
      - Major cause of Food Insecurity
      - Over the past two decades, the number of food emergencies has risen from an average of 15 per year in the 1980s to more than 30 per year from 2000 onwards.
      - The impact on food production and food security has been catastrophic for millions of people who are driven from their homes, unable to work their fields, cut off from markets for their produce and from commercial supplies of seed, fertilizer and credit.
      - Malnutrition
    - - Many individuals choose what is convenient, as opposed to what is the most beneficial. The dollar menu is prevalent in fast food companies like Mcdonalds, Burger king, etc.
        
        The foods on the menu hardly have any nutritional content and can lead individuals to having serious health issues. As seen in supersize me, individuals who consume McDonalds on a daily basis will eventually have serious health concerns. Such as: High blood pressure, high cholesterol levels, mood swings, etc
  - - - Improving access to food
        
        Increasing availability and access to quality nutritious food
        
        Increasing stability of food security
- - - - Food systems must be ecologically sound, meaning that they must not deplete natural resources. They must also protect and conserve the natural environment-especially soil, air and water
        
        Economic Sustainability
        
        Food systems must ensure that farmers obtain a price for their farm products that covers the cost of production and allows them financial well-being. Also, agriculture must be a profitable industry that generates employment.
        
        Social Sustainability
        
        Food systems must be socially responsible and make nutritious food available, accessible, and affordable to all. They must build farmers and workers throughout the system. They must also contribute to the vitality of rural communities, villages, and small towns, and they must be humane and just.
- - - - Intercropping
        
        Hydroponic Farming
        
        Integrated Pest management (IPM)
        
        Sustainable Agriculture
        
        Organic Foods
        
        Made without Synthetic (human-made) pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers
        
        Made without GMO's
        
        Produced without Antibiotics or growth hormones
        
        The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) monitors and enforces the Organic Products Regulations.
        
        In general, organic food may cost more money than non-organic food. Organic meats tend to be the most costly
        
        Supporting long-term Ecological balance
        
        Preserving resources/ environment (No harm)
        
        Promote soil health
        
        Minimize water use
        
        Lower pollution levels
        
        Environmental health
        
        Economic Profitability
        
        social and economic equity.
        
        Ecosystem-based strategy for long term perventions of pests
        
        Various techniques used such as: biological control, habitat manipulation, monitoring pest populations and their life cycles
        
        Slower development of resistance to pesticides
        
        Maintaining a balanced ecosystem
        
        Growing plants without soil, instead using a nutrient-rich solution to deliver water and minerals to their roots.
        
        Increased productivity
        
        More - eco Friendly
        
        Feasibility in areas not suited to traditional farming
        
        Reduced transportation
        
        Monoculture is not a problem
        
        Intercropping is growing two or more crops together at the same time in the same space in a beneficial manner.
        
        Helps to suppress weeds
        
        Helps to combat pests and diseases
        
        It improves the soil structure, alternating root types and adding different forms of organic matter to the surface, all of which helps to create rich, crumbly earth.
        
        It also keeps fertility levels balanced by using different plants with different needs
      - Crop rotation refers to the practice of growing different types of crops (or none at all) in the same area over a sequence of seasons.
        
        Controls weeds, disease and pests
        
        You use less chemical fertilizer
        
        Reduces the risk of crop failure in case of drought or disease.
        
        Makes your soil more fertile
- - - - Junk food may look more appetizing and fun because of the colour and maybe free items
      - Frozen meals for those days where you feel lazy
      - Discounts/Promotions
      - U.S. food and beverage manufacturers focus most of their marketing efforts on promoting sales of soft drinks, breakfast cereals, candy, snacks, and other nutrient-poor products
      - Children are frequently targeted because they sometimes purchase food with their own money, and they influence what their parents buy
    - - An infant’s eating habits are shaped by their parents in accordance with their view of what makes a healthy baby
      - For example, Parents who follow a vegan diet are most likely going to introduce a vegan diet to their child
      - Some individuals associated a heavy baby as a healthy baby, so they feed they baby in such manner to achieve the result
      - Children can pick up their eating habits from observing individuals around them
      - Society deems that cheap is good and fast is better
    - - A family's income is a major component of what individuals eat and purchase
      - In Food inc, a family in the USA cannot afford to buy fruits and veggies because the amount of product they would receive, is not enough for the amount of people that has to be fed
      - So, they go to the cheaper option which of course includes places like McDonalds, Burger King, and other fast food joints
      - Sometimes single parents already have to make ends meet, providing meals to feed the family can be very stressful
    - - Convenience
      - Do I want to go home and cook after a long day of work? Or, would I rather just pick something up on the way home
      - Accomplishments = Going to celebrate by getting a treat
      - When feeling down you go and find comfort in food. "Comfort Food" (Chocolate, chips, pizza, etc.)
      - 'I've always eaten these things as a child so it must be okay now"
      - "It's okay if I eat unhealthy because I work out"
  - - - Large amount of sugar, fats and carbs and less minerals and vitamins
      - Most of the fast foods have exceeding levels of sugar and fats which are directly associated with increasing weight.
  - - - Food advertisements that are controlled by the government create another influential and direct form of promoting and encouraging healthy food options