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minerals (Mineral properties (form and habit (mammilated, dendritic,…
minerals
Mineral properties
cleavage
taste
hardness (Moh's scale)
acid test
lustre (amount of light reflected)
density
streak
twinning
colour
degree of transparency
atomic structure
fracture
form and habit
mammilated
dendritic
botryoidal
massive
lamellar/ foliated
acicular
tabular
crystal
silicate chemistry
single chain
Augite
double chain
Hornblende
single
Olivine
sheet silicates
Muscovite
silicon tetrahedra (-4 charge)= 4Si, 1O
framework silicates
Quartz
non-silicate minerals
barite
white colour, shite streak, tabular shape, 2 cleavage, uneven fracture, 3 - 3.5 hardness, 4.5 density, vitreous/ pearly lustre
halite
colourless, no streak, massive shape, 3 cleavage, uneven fracture, 2.5 hardness, 2.2 density, waxy lustre
flourite
various colours (white, purple, green), no streak, massive shape, 4 cleavage, uneven fracture, 4 hardness, 3 - 3.2 density, vitreous lustre
gypsum
white colour, white streak, tabular shape, 1 cleavage, fibrous, 1.5 - 2 hardness, 2.3 density, silky/ pearly lustre
calcite
white/ cloudy/ colourless, white streak, rhomb shape, 3 cleavage, even fracture, 3 hardness, 2.7 density, vitreous lustre, reacts to HCl
metallic minerals
pyrite
gold colour. faint black streak, crystal shape, no cleavage, conchoidal/ uneven fracture, 6 hardness, 5 density, metallic lustre
chalcopyrite
dull gold/ bronze yellow colour, faint black streak, massive shape, poor cleavage, conchoidal shape, 4 hardness, 4.2 density, metallic lustre
haematite
rusty/ red/ brown colour, red/ brown streak, botryoidal shape, poor cleavage, sub conchoidal fracture, 5.5 - 6.5 hardness, 4.9 - 5.3 density, dull/ metallic lustre
galena
silver/ grey colour, grey streak, massive shape, 3 cleavage at 90, uneven fracture, 2.5 hardness, 7.5 density, metallic lustre
silicate minerals
silicic
O. Feldspar
pink colour, scratches streak plate, tabular shape, 2 cleavage, uneven fracture, 6 hardness, 2.6 density, vitreous lustre
P. Feldspar
white colour, scratches streak plate, tabular shape, 2 cleavage, even fracture, 6 hardness, 2.7 density, vitreous lustre
Quartz
No Colour, scratches streak plate, crystal shape, no cleavage, conchoidal fracture, 7 hardness, 2.65 density, vitreous lustre
Muscovite
yellow/ green colour, no streak, lamella shape, 1 cleavage, uneven fracture, 2.5 hardness, 2.7 - 3.1 density, vitreous lustre
mafic
Hornblende
black colour, scratches streak plate, massive shape, 2 cleavage at 120, uneven fracture, 5 - 6 hardness, 3 - 3.5 density, vitreous lustre
Augite
black colour, scratches streak plate, crystal shape, 2 cleavage at 90, uneven fracture, 5 - 6 hardness, 3.2 - 3.5 density, vitreous lustre
Biotite
black colour, scratches streak plate, lamellar shape, 1 cleavage, uneven fracture, 2.5 - 3 hardness, 3 - 3.1 density, vitreous lustre
Olivine
green colour, no streak, massive shape, no cleavage, uneven fracture, 7 hardness, 3.2 - 4.3 density, vitreous lustre
other
Garnet
brown/ red colour, scratches streak plate, crystal shape, no cleavage, uneven fracture, 7.5 hardness, 3.5 - 4.3 density, vitreous lustre