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ENERGY (Electricity (the most widely used form of energy in industralised…

- - - - facilities where primary or secondary energy is transformed into electricity, Once electricity is generated, it must be transported to towns, cities or industrial parks.
    - - The turbine converts mechanical energy into the rotating movement of a shaft
      - An alternator has a fixed part, called a stator, and a moving part, called a rotor, connected to the turbine shaft
      - As the rotor shaft moves, alternating electrical current is produced on each of the stator's coils.
  - - - increasing the voltage to 220000 V or 400000 V to prevent significant energy loss, due to the Joule effect
      - Transporting it by high voltage cables attached to towers
      - Decreasing the voltage at the electricity substations to 3-30 kV
      - Distribution to homes, offices, industries and public facilities During this stage, the voltage is reduced to 230-400 V
- - - - these power plants use the kinetic energy of the wind to move the wind turbine
    - - These plants use the energy from the sun. There are two main types of instaflations: photo-thermal and photovoltaic power plants.
        
        Photo-thermal power plant
        
        Photovoltaic power plant
    - - These plants use the heat found at deep levels in the earth. This heat
        may reach the surface in the form of steam, gases or hot water.
        
        :
    - - These power plants use the energy from the seas and the oceans. The
        concept is to use three types of energy from the sea:
        
        mechanical energy from the waves
        
        energy from the ocean's thermal gradient
        
        mechanical energy from the tides
- - - - The exploitation of fossil fuels and nuclear power means the depletion of resourcfes which makes it necessary to find new ones
    - - Oil is transported by means of oil pipelines and oil tankers, which can suffer accidents that result in uncontrolled spills.
    - - hydroelectric power plants
      - Nuclear thermal power plant
      - conventional thermal power plants
- - - - origin
        
        Primary
        
        ·obtained directly from nature
        
        Secondary
        
        ·resulting from transformation of primary sources
      - availability in nature and capacity for regeneration
        
        Renewable
        
        abundant and inexhaustible
        
        Non-renewable
        
        ·depleted when we use them up
        
        ·may or may not be abundant
        
        ·cannot be renewed in a short period of time
      - their use in each country
        
        Conventional:
        
        ·most commonly used in industrialised countries
        
        Non-conventional:
        
        ·alternative energy sources
        
        ·in early stages of their technological development
      - environmental impact
        
        Clean or non-pogutmg:
        
        ·low environmental impact
        
        ·don't generate by-products that pollute the enviroment
        
        Pollutants:
        
        · sources that have negative effects on the environment.
- - - - includes a nuclear fission reactor that produces the
        pressurised steam needed to move the turbine rotor.
        
        Uranium is the main fuel used.
        
        Their main advantage is the high return on their energy production
    - - water is heated in a boiler by the heat
        generated from the combustion of a fossil fuel The steam generated moves the turbine connected to the generator
      - Combined cycle power plan
        
        Efectricity is generated as a result of two combined cycles. This type of power plant performs better than those with only one cycle
    - - they use the potential energy provided by the
        height of the stored water in a dam, converting it into kinetic energy.
      - Depending on the destination of the water, hydraulic power plants are divided into two types, gravity or pump