Geochemistry
Goldschmidt system
Siderophile
Chalcophile
Lithophile
Atmophile
meteorites
Formation of the earth
Earths internal structure
Rock loving
iron loving
ore loving or chalcogen loving
gas loving
Silican
Aluminuim
Oxygen
Nickel
Gold
Iron
Zinc
Carbon
Sulphur
Copper
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
he suggested
when earth was molten the various elements and compounds separated due to different densities. heavy elements sank to form the core and mantle, lighter elements floated up and formed the crust. the atmosphere and hydrosphere formesd later
Hydrosphere
Atmosphere
crust
inner core
mantle
outer core
+100 km
GL
11km
50km
2900km
5100km
Oxygen 21%
H2O
Rock
Rock
Nickle + Iron
Iron + Nickel
Argon 1%
Nitrogen 78%
Gas
0.001gcm-3
Liquid
1gcm-3
solid
3gcm-3
plastic
5gcm-3
liquid
10gcm-3
solid
13gcm-3
4.6 billion years ago
Further away, solar winds had less impact on lighter elements, allowing them to coalesce into gas giants
earth was formed by collision of countless meteorites and asteroids
solar wind swept away lighter elements= hydrogen and helium
remaining material began to clump up
continuous impact of high velocity space debris ensured growing earth remained molten mass
gravity collapsed the solar nebula in on itself and began to spin, forming the sun at the centre of the nebula
core first formed as heavy matter sank to the centre, while lighter matter created the crust
leaving only heavy, rock materials to create smaller terrestrial worlds like earth
planet magnetic field formed around this time and gravity captures some of the gasses that made up the early atmosphere
early in evolution, earth suffered an impact by large body that catapulted pieces of the planet into space
gravity caused these to draw together and create the moon
planet in Goldilocks zone, water remained at surface and enabled life to evelove
flow of the mantle beneath hardened crust began causing plate tectonics
collisions and friction gave rise to mountains and volcanoes, which released gasses into atmosphere
collisions from icy bodies likely deposited water on earths surface
Stony meteorites= ancient
iron meteorites= younger
supported by 2 observations-
Rocky planets
Bulk chemistry of the earth is similar to Bulk chemistry of chrondities
composed of iron and nickel, thought to be fragments of metallic core of larger asteroids that underwent an element differentiation during molten phase
composed of silicate minerals
Chrondities
Achrondites
composed of unmodified dust and small grains, most are derived from asteroid belt, represents material that failed to coalesce into a planet
consist of rocky material similar to terrestrial mafic igneous rocks, believed to be derived from the moon or mars