Geochemistry

Goldschmidt system

Siderophile

Chalcophile

Lithophile

Atmophile

meteorites

Formation of the earth

Earths internal structure

Rock loving

iron loving

ore loving or chalcogen loving

gas loving

Silican

Aluminuim

Oxygen

Nickel

Gold

Iron

Zinc

Carbon

Sulphur

Copper

Nitrogen

Hydrogen

he suggested

when earth was molten the various elements and compounds separated due to different densities. heavy elements sank to form the core and mantle, lighter elements floated up and formed the crust. the atmosphere and hydrosphere formesd later

Hydrosphere

Atmosphere

crust

inner core

mantle

outer core

+100 km

GL

11km

50km

2900km

5100km

Oxygen 21%

H2O

Rock

Rock

Nickle + Iron

Iron + Nickel

Argon 1%

Nitrogen 78%

Gas

0.001gcm-3

Liquid

1gcm-3

solid

3gcm-3

plastic

5gcm-3

liquid

10gcm-3

solid

13gcm-3

4.6 billion years ago

Further away, solar winds had less impact on lighter elements, allowing them to coalesce into gas giants

earth was formed by collision of countless meteorites and asteroids

solar wind swept away lighter elements= hydrogen and helium

remaining material began to clump up

continuous impact of high velocity space debris ensured growing earth remained molten mass

gravity collapsed the solar nebula in on itself and began to spin, forming the sun at the centre of the nebula

core first formed as heavy matter sank to the centre, while lighter matter created the crust

leaving only heavy, rock materials to create smaller terrestrial worlds like earth

planet magnetic field formed around this time and gravity captures some of the gasses that made up the early atmosphere

early in evolution, earth suffered an impact by large body that catapulted pieces of the planet into space

gravity caused these to draw together and create the moon

planet in Goldilocks zone, water remained at surface and enabled life to evelove

flow of the mantle beneath hardened crust began causing plate tectonics

collisions and friction gave rise to mountains and volcanoes, which released gasses into atmosphere

collisions from icy bodies likely deposited water on earths surface

Stony meteorites= ancient

iron meteorites= younger

supported by 2 observations-

Rocky planets

Bulk chemistry of the earth is similar to Bulk chemistry of chrondities

composed of iron and nickel, thought to be fragments of metallic core of larger asteroids that underwent an element differentiation during molten phase

composed of silicate minerals

Chrondities

Achrondites

composed of unmodified dust and small grains, most are derived from asteroid belt, represents material that failed to coalesce into a planet

consist of rocky material similar to terrestrial mafic igneous rocks, believed to be derived from the moon or mars