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Chapter 6 (6-5 (osteoporosis (severe bone loss, affects normal function,…
Chapter 6
6-5
osteopenia
osteoporosis
severe bone loss
affects normal function
over age 45
heigh beings to decrease incrementally at around age 33
bone loss gradually exceeds bone replacement
age related skeletal changes are apparent at the cellular and whole body level
By age 70 bone loss between sexes is similar
6-4
Skeleton provides supporting structure for ossification to begin
Primary ossification center hardens as fetus and infant
secondary ossification center develop in child and harden during adolescence and early adult hood
Growth at epiphyseal plate
zone of resting cartilage
near epiphysis
small scattered chondrocytes
anchor plate to epiphysis
zone of prolifcerating cartilage
larger chondrocytes that resemble a stack of coins
chondrocytes divide to replace those that die at the diaphyseal surgace of the epiphysis
6-1+2
Bone function
Support
The bones in legs and pelvis support the trunk
The atlas supports the skull
Protection of underlying organs
Skull protects the brain
Rib cage protects the heart and lungs
Body movement
Skeletal muscles attached to bones by tendons
Serve as levers to move bones
Hematopoiesis
Definition -Blood cell formation
All blood cells are formed in red marrow of certain bones
Inorganic salt storage
Bones stores many minerals
Calcium
Phosphorus
Also means of calcium homeostasis
Bone remodeling and repair
Energy storage
Yellow marrow in the shaft of long bones
Serve as an important chemical energy reserve
6-3
Bone structure
Bones are classified according to shape
Long bones- consist of shaft with two ends
Examples- Thigh bone=Femur
Upper arm bone=humerus
Short bones are cube like
Fractures
cracks or breaks in bones
caused by physical stress