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Home Front in Germany during the war- Jordan Tan (Women (By June 1943, any…
Home Front in Germany during the war- Jordan Tan
Evacuation
Germany made plans, like Britain, to evacuate children from major cities at the start of the war.
Not many families chose to evacuate their children at first but as the war went on and Allied bombing raids became more common in 1942, mass evacuation began and children were sent to rural areas like Bavaria
Around 2.5 million children ended up being evacuated to one of the 9000 camps set up by Hitler Youth leaders and teachers.
Women
By June 1943, any woman who had previously been in paid employment and had no children had to register for work.
They started working as auxiliaries in the armed forces where they operated searchlights and anti-aircraft guns
Many women committed suicide to avoid being raped and attacked by the Soviet army.
By 1945, 60 percent of Germany's labour force was made up of women.
Total War
From January 1943, all men aged 16-65 and women aged 17-45 had to register as available for work.
Small businesses that were not essential to the war effort were closed and their employees were taken to the army or to war work.
In October 1941, Hitler announced that Russian POWs could be sent to Germany to work as slave labour. By 1944, over 7 million prisoners were working for the German industry
The Volkssturm (Home Guard), was formed to help protect Germany from invasion. By the end of the war, boys as young as 12 were forced to join as well as men as old as 60.
Rationing
Rationing first began in August 1939, resources and materials such as bread, meat, dairy products, soap and clothing were included in the ration.
Food stamps were issued to all civilians and you paid for for using those stamps. If you ate at a restaurant, you had to pay for the food using money along with stamps.
Toilet paper nearly became non-existent and tobacco could be used to buy other goods.
Shortages of coal and shoes during the winters of 1939 and 1940 made people very unhappy and by May 1942, people were restricted to half a loaf of bread a day and 40 grams of meat. Goods could be bought in the black market but at an inflated price.
Allied Bombings
Millions of Germans were forced to evacuate from their homes in major cities like Hamburg and Dresden.
The war effort was impacted as there was less metal production due to Allied raids on the Ruhr Valley, there was 40 percent less metal production by 1944.
Starting from August 1940, the RAF carried out bombing raids on German cities. Initially, these raids targeted industrial and military sectors but moved on to bomb civilian areas to try and destroy morale.
KLV Spell it! -Kinderlandverschickung
Stamps and bog paper?
How did Germany deal with the shortage of labour?
Two Effects?
What jobs? What did they do when the Russians were coming?