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Upland Game Birds (Identification by tail feathers (legs or feet…

- - - - Centre tail feathers long, barred & pointed
        
        Ring-necked pheasant
      - smaller grayish bird
        
        short tail
        
        brown feathers on breast
        
        Gray Partridge
      - Gray bird w black v-shaped bib
        
        white belly
        
        black barred sides
        
        Chukar
        
        Introduced, non-native
    - - tail feathers pointed
        
        middle two tail feathers
        longer and darker than rest of tail
        
        Sharp-tailed Grouse
      - tail feathers blunt,
        square-tipped
        
        tail shows:
        
        wide dark band
        
        edged w gray
        
        prominent dark neck ruffs
        
        Ruffed Grouse
        
        not as above
        
        tail feathers dark,
        
        tipped w rusty brown
        
        red wattle over eye
        
        spruce grouse
        
        tail feathers dark
        
        entirely dark or gray terminal band
        
        yellow wattles over eye
        
        blue grouse
  - - - Willow
        
        Rock
        
        White-tailed
- - - - Species
        
        white-tailed
        
        Rock
        
        Willow
      - Traits
        
        Gallinaceous
        
        alpine tundra habitat
        
        colour:
        
        mixed white, brown, black body in summer;
        
        white in winter
        
        heavily feathered feet and legs
        
        sexes similar
      - behaviour
        
        run from danger rather than fly
        
        do not flush when
        frightened
        
        live in high alpine habitat and tundra
        areas
    - - species
        
        Spruce
        
        high elevation conifer forests
        
        gray upper body with black bars
        
        black lower body with white bars
        
        red eye comb in males
        
        blue
        
        low elevation (nesting)
        
        high elevation (late season)
        
        conifer forests
        
        mottled gray-blue body
        
        mottled brown wings
        
        yellow comb in males
        
        ruffed
        
        lower elevation mixed/open forests
        
        mottled brown body
        
        tail
        
        many narrow, parallel black bands
        
        single wide black band
        
        head crest
        
        male has black neck ruff
        
        sharp-tailed
        
        open parklands of Peace & Cariboo
        
        brownish & heavily barred
        
        V-shaped marks on chest & belly
        
        pointed tail often up
        
        male has yellow comb and purplish neck sacs
      - Traits
        
        dull brown or gray
        
        sexes similar
        
        ground nester, shallow hole in soil lined with grass
        
        feathered legs & feet
  - - - Large males
        
        bright colours
        
        smaller, browner females
        
        longer & larger than sharp-tailed grouse
        
        agricultural lands in south BC
        
        may run from an approaching human
    - - both sexes gray brown
        
        rusty face and throat
        
        barred flanks
        
        short brown tail
        
        grasslands of southern interior
    - - both sexes gray-brown
        
        heavy black bars on white flanks
        
        black bar on forehead, cheeks, eyes, chest
        
        dry grassland and desert
        
        interior and gulf islands
        
        will often run away rather than fly.
    - - California
        
        forward curving head plumes
        
        SE van island, gulf islands, Okanagan
      - Mountain
        
        SE van island
        
        head plumes tilted back
        
        brown and gray-blue
    - - very large
        
        both sexes iridescent dark brown
        
        naked head
        
        males:
        
        colourful, fleshy parts on head & neck
        
        tuft of hair-like feathers on chest
        
        van island, Gulf Islands, Okanagan, Kootenays