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Statistical Tools (Errors (Systematic (The equipment used, when its is…
Statistical Tools
Errors
Systematic
The equipment used, when its is wrongly calibrated or the data handling system is wrong.
Random
Caused by unpredictable changes in the experiment. Changes in the material or changes in the environment
Human
When the measurements are read incorrectly, bad use of the instruments.
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Uncertainty
The smallest unit of measurement divided by 2, sometimes shown in the instrument used.
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Axis and graphs
Y axis
The vertical axis, the dependent variable goes in it.
x axis
Horizontal axis, independent variable is placed in it.
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Variables
Independent
The independent variable is the variable that changes during the experiment, is the variable that is being studied.
Dependent
What is going to be measured, and observed
Control
Variables that do not change over the experiment,
Hypothesis
Null hypothesis
A hypothesis that states that one variable doesn't affect the other one. No relationship between variables
Alternative hypothesis
Shows change, a relationship between variables. Tries to prove a point.
Tools
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Standard deviation
How far apart are the values from the mean. 68% -1, 95% -2
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Error bars
A representation of how much the data varies, the range of variablility
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Degrees of freedom
Pieces in the experiment that can vary, calculated using the total number minus 2
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