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chapter 8 coggle (The nervous system has anatomical and functional…
chapter 8 coggle
The nervous system has anatomical and functional divisions
:
Nervous system: 1. monitors the internal and external environments
intergrates sensory information
coordinates voluntary
Responses of many other organ systems
These functions are preformed by cells called nerouns
Central nervous sysytem
: brain & spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System
: Sensory & Motor Neurons
Afferent Division:
Receptors info from PNS to CNS
Efferent Division
: Sends message to PNS motor to CNS
Somatic nervous System:
Th e somatic nervous system is the part of the peripheral nervous system associated with the voluntary control of body movements via skeletal muscles. The somatic nervous system consists of afferent nerves or sensory nerves, and efferent nerves or motor nerves.
Functional Classification:
sensory Neurons 12 efferent:
Visceral Sensory neurons:
digestive, respitory, cardiovasular, artery, responsive,reproductive
Digestive
the autonomic nervous system that oversees digestion, elimination, and glandular function. is most active when the body is at rest;
Respitory
mechanoreceptors found in the lungs. When the lung expands, the receptors initiate the Hering-Breuer reflex, which reduces the respiratory rate.
cardiovascular
The mammalian heart, especially its left ventricle, is densely innervated by sensory nerves. ... Both sympathetic and vagal cardiac afferents can be excited by mechanical distension of the heart (mechanoreceptors), and by a variety of foreign and endogenous chemical substances (chemosensitive receptors)
Reproductive
Place of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and visceral sensory components in the structural organization of the nervous system. 2 A long axon extends out from the ventral root to innervate skeletal muscle cells.
Somatic sensory nerves 10 afferent:
External receptors:
touch, temp, pressure, sight, and healing
Touch:
touch receptors in the skin known as the somat sensory system. This system is responsible for all the sensations we feel – cold, hot, smooth, rough, pressure, tickle, itch, pain, vibrations, and more.:
Temp
Our ability to detect temperature changes originates from two types of specialized receptors called thermoreceptors. Similar to pain receptors, these link to free nerve endings and are specific for both warm and cold stimuli.:
pressure:
an exteroceptor is a receptor that is located near a stimulus in the external. Physical stimuli, such as pressure and vibration, as well as the sensation of sound
sight
The vertebrate eye is another example of a complex receptor organ. Our eyes are image forming but not all photoreceptors form images. The eye is designed to collect and focus light rays on the retina at the back of the eye. This is where the actual photoreceptor cells, the rods (black and white vision) and cones (color vision) are located
healing
Adenosine receptors in wound healing, fibrosis and angiogenesis. Wound healing and tissue repair are critical processes, and adenosine, released from injured or ischemic tissues, plays an important role in promoting wound healing and tissue repair.
Proreceptors
:
Motor Neurons:
Somatic Motor Nuerons
:sensory neurons carry impulses to the brain and the spinal cord. After processing, a signal is sent back to the skeletal muscles, organs, and skin by way of the somatic motor neurons. The second function of the somatic nervous system is the process of the reflex
visceral motor nuerons
: visceral efferent neurons are motor neurons that conduct impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, & glands. These neurons make up the Autonomic Nervous System. Some visceral efferent neurons begin in the brain; others in the spinal cord.
8.2 Nuerons & Nueroglia
General structor of a nueron
cell body
dendrites
axon (white matter)
synpantic terminal
1.
cell body
: The cell body, also called the soma, is the spherical part of the neuron that contains the nucleus. The cell body connects to the dendrites, which bring information to the neuron, and the axon, which sends information to other neurons
2.
Dendrites:
Dendrites are the structures on the neuron that receive electrical messages. ... These signals will accumulate in the cell body, or soma, of the neuron after being received by the dendrites.
3.
Axon
: An axon, or nerve fiber, is a long slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body or soma.:
Synpantic terminal
: There is a small gap between the axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron and the membrane of the postsynaptic cell, and this gap is called the synaptic cleft. it allows synaptic vesicles to fuse with the axon terminal membrane, releasing neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft.
Structral Classification:
multipolar Neuron
: 2 or more dendrites and axon
2
.Unipolar Neuron
: one dendrite and axon cell body off to the side.
3.
Bipolar neurons:
Dendrite and one axon cell body between them