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The Nile river shaped Egyptian life (Farm villages joined in nomes…
The Nile river shaped Egyptian life
cataracts
Cataracts- Cliffs and boulders that have fallen into the river causing rapids
U+L Egypt
Btw 1st cataract and Mediterranean lay 2 regions (U and L egypt)
Upper egypt - skinny strip of land from first cataract
Lower Egypt - began 100 miles before the river entered the mediterranean
Rivers spread out and formed delta
linking diverse lands
Nile - over 4,100 miles long
longest river in the world
Lake Victoria is it’s main source (world’s third largest lake)
The Nile is brought to Sudd, a reed swamp
Then to the white nile and the blue nile
The floods of the blue river caused rich and fertile soil
Transportation
Nile was an easy way to get from upper to lower Egypt
It was easier to get to the upper egypt because of the current
relying on floods
floods would distribute fertile soil and nutrients for the farmers
if there was no rain and no flooding there would be no soil to grow crops and the existing crops would die from no rain
Farmers relied on the Nile's floods
gift of the Nile
Since the Nile was so helpful for farming, the Egyptians prayed to it
It gave them a feeling of optimism
If the water level was low, it could prevent the soil from getting fertile
Or, if the water level was too high, it could flood and damage various architectural structures
worshiping the Nile
In October, the river receded
Left behind rich soil which helped the farmers
Plows were used to prepare the fields for new soil
During the summer and fall, the Egyptians grew wheat and barley
Irrigation ditches were used to evenly distribute water
Egypt was also known as “The gift of the Nile”
In June, the Nile would overflow due to the melting of snow
Deserts shielded Egypt from attacks
Egypt was extremely fertile compared to the deserts surrounding it
Egyptians believed that the desert stood for death and the river stood for life
The Nile allowed people to not travel long distances for natural resources
The surrounding deserts kept out intruders
Farm villages joined in nomes
Egyptians lived in farming villages as far back as 6000 B.C.E.
They cleared and cultivated the land with stone tools
They also domesticated cattle, sheep, goats, and donkeys
They worshipped animals that swam in the Nile (Hippo and Croc)
tried to preserve bodies with sand
Nome- agricultural district
Each nome had its own religion, gods, and leader(s)
Nomes were often raided by other nomes
kings arose, uniting nomes
a system of writing was also developed
some ideas were based off of Mesopotamian concepts but the Egyptians did not live their lives like the Mesopotamians
trade btw Mesopotamia and cultural diffusion for the two cultures some people came from one are to another in search of good farming land
Menes united 2 kingdoms
The other king wore a white crown and led upper egypt
One king ruled L egypt and wore a red crown
Menes was the king who united U and L Egypt. Created a double crown (white and red). Also settled a capital in Memphis and was one of the first kings to unite all of Egypt.
By 3200 B.C.E. nomes of Egypt were divided into two groups