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social facilitation (effects of an audience (Positive, Negative, Arousal,…
social facilitation
effects of an audience
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Arousal, drive and anxiety increase which heightens readiness for activity and ‘psychs’ a performer up.
Arousal, drive and anxiety increase which can cause over-arousal and lead to errors with skills and decision making.
If the audience is in a familiar setting then teams / individuals may experience ‘home advantage’ leading to improved performance.
If an audience is in an unfamiliar and hostile setting then teams / individuals may experience decreased performance due to being ‘away from home’.
Crowds sometimes help provide a distraction that can help performers deal with stress from the competition.
Very large crowds can cause distractions which widen a performer’s attentional focus meaning that important ‘in game’ cues are missed.
Some performers will have increased determination and motivation if they perceive themselves to be being judged by an important person in an audience.
Some performers experience ‘evaluation apprehension’ and a decline in performance if they perceive themselves to be being judged by an important person in the audience.
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apprehension effects
Causes increased anxiety, stress and arousal.
Leads to doubt, decreased confidence and need to avoid failure avoidance behaviours (low effort levels).
Can cause decreased performance, ‘choking’ due to social inhibition.
Can lead to poor attentional control, a lack of focus, difficulty concentrating and poor decision making.
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apprehension causes
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More likely if those watching are of a high status, are role models or are friends / family.
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More likely for those with low self-esteem, lack confidence and who attribute their behaviours internally.
definition
‘When other performers or a spectating crowd have a positive influence on an individual’s sporting performance.’
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