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ENERGY :warning: (NON-CONVENTIONAL ELECTIRC POWER PLANTS (Advantages …

- - - - Resulting from transformation of primary sources
      - Electriaty
    - - Obtained directly from nature
      - Crude oil
      - Natural gas
      - Coal
  - - - Abundant
      - Inexhaustible
    - - May or may not be abundant
      - Depleted when we use them up
      - Cannot be renewed in a short period of time
  - - - Most commonly used in industrialised countries
      - Energy that comes from fossil fuels
    - - Alternative energy sources
      - In early stages of their technological development
      - Solar power
      - Wind power
  - - - Low environmental impact
      - Don't generate by-products that pollute the environment
    - - Sources that have negative effects on the environment
      - They might generate by-products that severely pollute the enviroment
- - - - The turbine converts mechanical energy into the rotating movement of a shaft
      - An alternator has a fixed part, called a stator, and a moving part, called a rotor, connected to the turbine shaft.
      - As the rotor shaft moves, alternating electrical current is produced on each of the stator's coils
  - - - Increasing the voltage to 220 000 V or 400 000 V to prevent signifcant energy loss due to the Joule effect
      - Transporting it by high voltage cable attached to tower
      - Decreasing the voltage at the electricity substations to 3-30 kV
      - Distribution to homes, offices ,industries and public facilities. During this stage, the voltage is reduced to 230-400 V.
- - - - Electricity ts generated as a result of two combined cycles, a cycle that uses air and gas, and a conventional thermal cycle. During the first cycle, a gas turbine is used that includes a compressor.
      - Air is mixed with the gas and is burnt, which generates electricity in the turbine-alternator system. The combustion gases are transported to a boiler, where they transfer their energy to the water during the second cycle
  - - - Water used follows the course of a river and will not be reused
    - - Water descends into a reservoir located at a lower height, then pumped to a higher reservoir to reuse it
- - - - Photo-thermal power plant
        
        In this type of power plant, the heat generated by solar radiation produces steam that is used to move the rotor in the generator To do this, they use special mirrors, called heliostats
      - Photovoltaic power plant
        
        In these power plants, solar radiation is transformed directly into electncity by panels of photovoltaic cells .These power plants consist of large areas of photovoltaic panels
  - - - Forestry and agricultural waste.
      - Specific crops, such as :
        
        Sunflowers
        
        Cougar beet.
      - Waste from agri-food industries.
      - This type of fuel is burnt at biomass power plants. The
        steam that is generated moves the turbine.
  - - - The mechanical energy from the
        tides
      - The mechanical energy from the waves.
      - The energy from the ocean's thermal gradient.
- - - - The exploitation of fossil fuels and nuclear power means the depletion of resources which makes it necessary to find new ones
    - - Oil is transported by means of oil pipelines and oil tankers. Oil pipehnes can suffer accidents caused by nature or human error, which result in uncontrolled spills. Oil tankers can have accidents at sea, with the risk of oil spills. Some
        spills have caused oil slicks.
    - - Large hydroelectric power plants require water reservoirs covering large areas, which protoundly change the natural cycle of rivers.
      - Conventional thermal power plants can cause numerous problems and environmental hazards.
        
        They produce
        air pollution
        
        They emit large amounts of CO2
        
        They emit sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide that cause acid
        rain
        
        The water used in the cooling system is returned to the environment while its still warn
      - Nuclear thermal power plants
        are accompanied by the risk of nuclear accidents and the problem of nuclear waste
    - - The fuels we use in vehicles and heating systems emit gases and particles similar to those generated y conventional thermal power plant
  - - - Install special filters
      - Use coal with a low sulphur content
      - Maintain and increase the size of large forested areas
  - - - Energy efficiency policies increase efficiency of everyday appliances and devices
      - Noticeably reduce the energy we consume
    - - use of renewable energy sources is fundamental
      - objective is to produce a large part of our electricity through alternative power plants
    - - essential to reduce the consumption of ag forms of energy —without seriously affecting quality of life
      - adoption of more environmentally friendly habits