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Energy and its transformation (Non convetional elctric power plants…
Energy and its transformation
Energy Sources
Different uses
Household Uses : The operating of the electrical appliances, heating systems, hot water systems...
Industrial Uses : The operating of factories and companies, construction...
What are Energy sources ?
Energy sources are natural resources from which we obtain different forms of energy that can be transformed for a specific use.
Types of energy sources
Renewable -> Abundant and inexhaustible
Non-renewable -> Depleted when we use them and cannot be renewed in a short period of time.
Conventional -> Most commly used in industrialised countries
Non-conventional -> Alternative energy sources and solar and wind power belond to this group
Primary -> Obtained directly from nature like crude oil, natural gas, coal...
Secondary -> Resulting from transformation of primary sources like electricity, petroleum and some derivates
Clean or non-polluting -> Low environmental impact and don't generate by products that pollute the environment
Pollutants -> Sources that have negative effect on the environment.
Clasification of some energy sources :
Hydraulic -> Is renewable, primary, conventional and polluting
Solar -> Is renewable, primary, non-conventional and clean
Petroleum and its derivates -> Are non-renewable, primary, secondary, conventional and polluting
Natural gas -> Is non-renewable, primary, coventional and polluting
Electricity -> is the most widely used form of energy in industrialised societies for two reasons
It can be easily formed into other forms of energy such as light and heat
It can be transported long distances inexpensively and with very little energy being lost
Electric power plants : Electric power plants are facilities where prymary or secondary energy is transformed into electricity
Conventional electric power plants
This type of power plant produces most of the electricity that we use
Nuclear power plants : This type of plant includes a nuclear fission reactor that produces the presurissed steam neededto move the turbine rotor
Fossil fuel thermal power plants : At this type of power plant , water is heated in a boiler by the hit generated from the combustion of a fossil fuel, usually natural gas or coal
Hydroelectric power plants
This power plant uses the potential energy provided by the heigth of the stored water in dam, converting it into kinetic energy . This enrgy moves the blades of the turbines .
Two types
Gravity driven hydraulic power plants
Pump driven hydraulic power plants
Non convetional elctric power plants
The main disadvantage of these power plants is that they generate much less energy, since they use diffuse energy sources
Solar power plants: These plants use energy from the sun
geothermal power plants :These plants use the heat found at deep levels in the earth.
Biomass thermal power plants : Biomass consists of all organic compounds that are produced through natural processes
Ocean power plants : These power plants produce energy from the seas and the oceans
Their advantages are that they contaminate ,such less than conventional power plants and they use renewable resources
Environmental impact
Environmental impact assessment
Fossil fuel thermal power plant : Atmospheric pollution from gas combustion, non-renewable, great capacity and high performance and increase greenhouse effect
Nuclear : Danger of radiation, non-renewable, great capacity and high performance, risk of radioactive emissions
Hydroelectric : Change the natural environment, renewable, great capacity and high performance and tisk of disease if a dam breaks
Wind power : Visual and sound impact, renewable, reduce dependence on other fuels, low lwvwls of performance
Solar : Affects ecosystems as it covers large areas, renewable, reduces dependence on other fuels, low levels of performance
Biomass : Beneficial if used correctly, renewable, reduces dependence on other fuels, inceases the greenhouse efecct
Ocean power : Environmental changes resulting from required construction work, renewable, clean, quiet, high installation cost
Environmental impacts
Extraction of natural resources
Fuel transport
Electricity generation
Hydroelctric power plants
Conventional thermal power plants
Nuclear thermal power plants
Final energy use
Waste treatment
Thermal power plants
Nuclear power plants
Some solutions :
Efficiency
Energy diversification
Energy savings
