Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

MEMORY (Long-term memory(LTM)- a permanent store holding limitless amounts…

- - - - Mundane realism- the extent to which findings of studies can be generalized to real-life settings
- - - - Visuospatial sketchpad(VSS)-deals with visual information and the physical relationship of items to each other
        
        Handles non-phonological information
        
        Temporary store for visual and spatial information and the relationship between them
        
        Helps individuals to navigate and interact with physical environment
        
        Information is being coded and rehearsed through the use of mental pictures
        
        2 sub-parts
        
        Inner scribe(IS)
        
        Stores information about physical(spatial) relationship of items
        
        Rehearses and transfer information in the VC to the CE
        
        Visual cache(VC)
        
        Stores information about form and colour
        
        Researches
        
        Klauer&Zhao(2004)-existence of VC and IS
      - Phonological loop(PL)- deals with auditory information and order of the information
        
        Similar to the rehearsal system in the MSM--> limited capacity
        
        Confusions occur with similar sounding words
        
        2 sub-parts
        
        Articulatory process(AP)- inner voice
        
        Keeps information in PL through sub-vocal repetition of information
        
        Linked to speech production
        
        Primary acoustic store(PAS)-inner ear
        
        Stores words that have been recently been heard
        
        Associated with evolution of human vocal language
        
        Researches
        
        Baddeley(1996)
        
        divided PL into 2 sub-parts
        
        1975-capacity of PL is set by how long does it take to say words
        
        Trojani&Grossi(1995)- PL recognised as seperated system
      - Episodic buffer(EB)- temporary store of integrated information from CE, VSS, PL and LTM
        
        Was added in 2000 to address the shortcomings of the model
        
        Explains how it is possible to temporarily store information combined together from CE, PL, VSS AND LTM
        
        Researches
        
        Baddeley(2000)- founding
        
        Alkhalifa(2009)-existence of EB, holding items in the working memory until recalled
    - - Baddeley(1996)- limited capacity
      - D'Esposito et al.(1995)-prefrontal's associate with workings of CE
  - - - More than 1 type of STM + wide range of mental processes
- - - - Researches
        
        Van Gorp et al.(1999)-dopamine's role
        
        Lack of research- brain areas involved
      - Helps/permits individual to perform learned tasks
      - Procedural LTMs are hard to explain in words
      - Also involved in language(permits people to use grammar, etc. without thinking)
      - does not require conscious thought
      - Neocortex brain areas of primary motor cortex
      - Cerebellum
      - Prefrontal cortex
  - - - Researches
        
        Herlitz et al.(1997)-gender difference in episodic memory abilities
        
        Endel Tulving(1972)- first suggested episodic memory
      - Give people autobiographic record of personal experiences
      - Strength depends on emotions experienced at the time of the event + degree of processing of information at coding
      - Prefrontal cortex associated with initial coding(strength)
      - Helps people distinguish real events from imaginational ones
      - Neocortex associated with storage of memories
      - Part of events are stored in different sections of the brain, but connected in hippocampus to create a memory of an episode
    - - Researches
        
        Azar(2007)-semantic memory involves different processes and brain areas
        
        Vicari et al.(2007)-episodic and semantic being different LTMs
      - Contains all learned knowledge
      - Strength also associated with degree of processing occuring during coding
      - Similar to the episodic LTM, but associates rather with objective analysis of phenomena
      - Coding involves frontal and temporal lobes* but there is a disagreement on that part
      - Damages to different parts of the brain affect it differently