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(Bone Function (Support; the bones in legs and pelvis support the trunk,…
Bone Function
Support; the bones in legs and pelvis support the trunk, the atlas (1st vertebra) supports the skull etc.
Protective of underlining organs..the skull protects the brain, the rib cage protects the heart and lungs etc.
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Hematopoiesis; blood cell formation, all blood cells are formed in the red marrow of certain bones
Inorganic Salt Storage; Bones stores many minerals,calcium,phosphorus, others...Also a means of calcium homeostasis
Energy Storage; yellow marrow in the shaft of long bones, serves as an important chemical energy reserve
Parts of a Long Bone
Diaphysis= Shaft...Consist of a central medullary cavity(Filled with yellow marrow)..surrounded by a thick collar of compact bone
Epiphyses(pl)-= Expanded ends...consist mainly of spongy bone, surrounded by a thin layer of compact bone
Epiphyseal Line= remnant of epiphyseal disk/plate..cartilage at the junction of the diaphysis and epiphysis (Growth Plate)
Periosteum= outer, fibrous, protective covering of diaphysis
a. richly supplied with blood & lymph vessels, nerves (nutrition) : Nutrient Foramen = perforating cnal allowing blood vessels to enter and leave bone
b. Osteogenic layer contains osteoblasts ( bone-forming cells) and osteoclasts (bone-destroying cells);
c. serves as insertion for tendons and ligaments
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Articular Cartilage = pad of hyaline cartilage on the epiphyses where long bones or join..."shock absorber"
Parts of a Flat Bone
- covered by periosteum-covered compact bone
- surrounding endosteum-covered spongy bone
- in a flat bone, the arrangement looks like a sandwich:
- spongy bone (meat), sandwiched between two layers of compact bone (bread)
Hematopoietic Tissue (red marrow) is located in the spongy bone within the epiphyses of long bones and flat bones
Osteoprogenitor cells
- derived from mesenchyme
- can undergo mitosis and become osteoblasts
Osteoblasts
- form bone matrix by secreting collagen
- cannot undego mitosis
Osteocytes
1.mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts
2.principle bone cell
3.cannot undergo mitosis
3.maintain daily cellular activites
Osteoclasts
- functions in bone resorption
- important in development, growth, maintenance and repair of bone
Osteoid
primarily collagen which gives bone it's high tensile stength and also contains glycolipids and glycoproteins
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Compact Bone is solid, dense, and smooth
- Structural unit= Haverscan System or Osteon
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