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Bio-psychology (localisation of the brain (HEMISPHERIC LATERALISATION=The…

- - - - the left hemisphere controls the right side of the body
        
        if you saw info through your left visual field then it would pass on to the visual cortex in then right hemisphere.
    - - the right hemisphere controls the left side of the body
        
        if you saw info through your right visual field then the info would pass to the visual cortex on the left hemisphere
    - - SPERRY'S RESERACH
        
        THE VISUAL ONE QUASI EXPERIMENT 11 PPS who were split brain patients- pps were blindfolded on one eye and then had to fixate with the seeing eye on a point in the middle of the screen. a stimulus would be projected on either the left side or right side of the point on the screen for a very short period of time- so if the pps were presented with stimulus to their left visual field then it would go to the right hemisphere but the pps would be unable to say it because the left hemisphere deals with language.
        
        THE TACTILE ONE - presenting a stimulus to one of the patients hands but they cant see it- and then asking the pp to name the stimulus if the stimulus is presented to the pps left hand then it would go to the right hemisphere so the pp would be unable to say it as the left hemisphere deals with language.
        
        EVALUATION OF SPLIT BRAIN RESEARCH
        
        STRENGTHS
        
        gives insight into the differences between the 2 hemispheres and shows us that the connectivity between the different regions is important
        
        using mixture of quasi and clinical case studies- which produces both quantitative and qualitative data- so numbers and frequencies produced- which can be statistically analysed easily and qualitative is rich in detail and gives us insight ect.
        
        LIMITATIONS
        
        Rarely carried out - not many people who can be studied- so small samples
        
        done in artificial lab settings- cant be generalised to real life- so may not be very representative
        
        some of the patients had experienced more deconnection than others. also cannot be sure how long each of the participants had experienced ineffective drug therapy which could have been affecting the findings.
        
        Sperry says his studies show that there is lateralisation of function. BUT some psychologists argue that the two hemispheres do not function in isolation BUT together- most everyday tasks involve a mixture of ‘left’ and ‘right’ skills, (e.g. in listening to speech we analyse both the words and the pattern of intonation) thus, rather than ‘doing their own thing’ the two hemispheres work very much together.
- - - - This means that we can adapt to new changes in our environment- e.g when we first carry out an action we are not very good at it but when we rpeat and practice that action over and over again then we become better at it- because the pathways strengthen
  - - - a function may seem lost- but the person might not be trying to use it because they think it wont recover. animal studies- monkeys who have lost sensory input to limb they wont use it, but the motor nerves are still connected so can move it- just cannot feel it.
    - - study found that after trauma, older patients regained less function in treatment than younger patients and more likely to decline in function after trauma.
    - - research found that women scored a lot better on memory test and language than men after trauma whereas men were better in visual and analytical skills- so suggests women recover better overall than men
- - - - expensive to buy and run
      - need people to lie in a very small space for a very long time- so not good for people who are claustrophobic
      - have poor temporal solution- arent accurate when showing changes over time
  - - - when the cognitive and sensory ERPS are overlaid to cancel out any background noise in order to isolate the response to that stimulus
  - - - non- invasive
      - cheaper to carry out than FMRI scans
      - good temporal solution- so good at measuring changes over time
    - - have poor spatial resolution- hard to work out which areas of the brain the waves originate from
- - - - Excitatoyr Neurotransmitter= makes the post synaptic membrane more permeable to positive ions- so makes inside of neuron less negative - so more likely to fire.
      - Inhibitory Neurotransmitter= makes the post synaptic membrane more permeable to negative ions- so makes the inside of the neuron more negative- harder to fire
- - - - The Sympathetic Nervous System- increases heart rate, blood pressure, boy temp etc as a response to the fight or flight mode.
      - The Parasympathetic Nervous System- brings body back to normal resting mode after the fight or flight response- so slows heart rate blood pressure down