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Microbial Systematic - 12.9 Taxonomic Methods Used in Systematics…
Microbial Systematic
- 12.9 Taxonomic Methods Used in Systematics
Taxonomy
- the sciences of identification, classification and nomenclature
Phylogeny
- the history of the evolution of species, lines of descent and relationship among broad groups of organisms
Systematic
- the study of the diversity of organism and their relationship
Bacterial taxonomy incorporate multiple method for identifying and describing new species
The '
polyphasic approach
' to taxonomy uses 3 method
2)
Genotypic analysis
- consider characteristics of genome; DNA-DNA hybridization, DNA profiling, MLST, GC ratio
3)
Phenotypic analysis
- examines observable characteristics (Morphological, metabolic, physiological and chemical characters
1)
Phylogenetic analysis
- the means of inferring or estimating evolutionary relationship
Phylogenetic analysis
- the lack of divergence of the 16S rRNA genes limits its effectiveness in discriminating bacteria at species level thus multigene approach can be used
Multigene sequences analysis
- uses complete sequences, and comparison are made using cladistic method (a method that group organisms based on similarity characteristic)
Multilocus sequence typing (MLST)
1
) Method in which several different '
housekeeping gene
' from an organsim are sequenced
2)
Have sufficient resolving power to distinguish between very closely related strain
Housekeeping gene
- constitutive gene that are required for the maintenance of basic cellular function
Ribotyping
1
) Method of identifying microbe from analyzing
DNA fragment
generated from
restricted enzyme digestion
of gene encoding SSU rRNA
2)
Highly specific and rapid
3)
Used in bacterial identification in clinical diagnostic and microbial analyses of food, water and beverages
Genome Fingerprinting
1)
Several method can be used to generate DNA frament pattern for analysis of genotypic similarity among strains including;
Ribotyping
(focuses on single gene) and
rep-PCR
(Repetitive extragenic palindromic),
AFLP
(Amplified fragment length polymorphism (focused on many gene located throughout genome)