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Topic 04: Communicative Competence. Analysis of its components. (Analysis…
Topic 04: Communicative Competence. Analysis of its components.
1.Communicative Competence
1.1. The notion of competence
ideal speaker’s innate ability to generate and understand utterances
basis TTG: innate linguistic ability
Aspects of the Theory of Synta
x (1965), Chomsky: competence/performance
C: ideal innate ability to generate and understand utterances
P: the actual individual production and comprehension of language
1.2. On defining Communicative Competence
1960’s Del Hymes
CC opposite to LC (Chomsky)
Hymes grammar + communicatively app in context
Problematized C/P
C: ability on how to use lang. in broad sense
P: specific use that reflect competence
Widdowson & Munby (1978)
Use vs. Usage
Effectiveness
grmm competence
❌ comm competence
Canale and Swain (1980)
Cc:
underlying system of knowledge and skill required for communication.
sociolinguistic
competence &
actual communication
Savignon (1972)
Cc
: ability to function in a truly communicative setting of one or more interlocutors.
✅willingness to take risks, appropriateness or cooperation
Bachman (1990)
Canale and Swain + three components:
🔸 language comp.
🔸strategic comp.
🔸psycho-pshysiological comp.
Campbell and Wales (1970)
👍🏽appropriateness and
👎🏽 Chomsky's neglect sociocultural
Cc
: ability to produce utterances which are appropriate to the context.
Analysis of its components: representative models of communicative competence
2.2.Bachman and Palmer (1990)
Model of language ability
Language knowledge:
organisational knw:
🔹grammatical & textual
pragmatic knw:
🔹pragmatic and socio-ling conventions
Strategic knw:
metacognitive components (goal, assessment & planning)
2.3.CEFRL (2001)
Hymes ➕ external factors:
personal abilities, motivational factors and general knowledge
General comp:
declarative knowledge, skills and know-how, existential competence and ability to learn.
Comm. Lang. Comp:
linguistic comps:
⭐️lexical, grammatical, semantic, phonological, orthographic and orthoepic
⭐️sociolinguistic comps: politeness conventions or dialect or accent
⭐️pragmatic comps: discourse and functional cmp.
To achieve Cc: student carry out communicative tasks - activities with communicative aim (public, personal, work or education)
2.1. Canale and Swain (1980)
widely accepted definition
:red_flag: Hymes's sociocultural bias:
📌gmm and socioling.
Cc:
underlying system of knowledge and skill required for communication
⚠️ Cc & Actual comm. (limiting psych. and environmental conditions)
4️⃣components:
GC: literal meaning (rules of language)
SLC: socio.cultural & discourse rules
DC: cohesive & coherent texts
STC: breakdowns
A communicative approach in foreign language teaching
CC influence on ESL:
Hymes & Canale and Swain
➡️ CLT: language appropriate to specific situations
🅿️
PRINCIPLES
:
students use language as communication
authentic and meaningful comm
fluency
comm integrates different language skills
creative process = trial and error.
The Natural Approach, Cooperative Language Learning, Content- Based Teaching, known as CLIL, and Task-Based Teaching