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D-Block and transition elements (Transition elements (Colour of transition…
D-Block and transition elements
Transition elements
Colour of transition metals in aq solution
Fe2+: Pale green
Fe3+: Yellow
Cr3+: Violet ( Can be green in the presence of SO4)
Cu2+: Blue
Mn2+: Very pale pink
Cr2+: Pale blue
Properties of TM's
They are able to form pretty coloured compounds
They can form complex ions with up to six ligands
They have variable oxidation states
They can act as catalysts
Isomerism
Optical isomerism: Stereoisomers that are
non-superimposable mirror images of each other
Reactions with ammonia, acids and more!
When concentrated HCl is added to copper the 4 Cl- substitutes the 6 waters and changes the colour of the solution from yellow to green then when water is added to that solution it turns blue
upon the addition of excess ammonia the violet (Cr3+) solution turns purple as all the water ligands are replaced
When excess ammonia is reacted with copper (II) the solution changes colour from a blue solution to a deep blue solution. However only 4 of the water molecules are replaced.
Colour changes
Fe2+ when standing in air turns an orange colour as the Fe2+ is oxidised to Fe3+
The Mn2+ precipitate darkens when left standing
In excess NaOH the Cr3+ precipitate dissolves and a green solution forms because of ligand substitution
When iron (II) is oxidised by manganate (VII) ions to iron (III) in acidic conditions the solution turns from violet to colourless
The 1 square planar complex needed for the exam
[PtCl2(NH3)2] has a 90 degree bond angle. The Pt ion has a 2+ charge overall and the 2 Cl- ions have a 2- charge overall so there is no overall charge
The importance of cisplatin
Anti-cancer drug: Binds to the DNA of the fast growing cancer cells and changes the DNA structure, preventing cell reproduction
What's formed when NaOH is added to each complex ion
Copper (II)- Blue precipitate
Iron (II) Green precipitate
Iron (III) Orange/ Brown precipitate
Manganate (II) Very pale brown precipitate
Chromium (III) Green precipitate
The 2 d-block elements that aren't transition elements :(
Sc because its ion does not have any electrons in the d-subshell
Zn because its ion has a full d-subshell
Definitions
Transition element:
A d-block element which forms an ion with an incomplete d-sub-shell
Monodentate ligands
: Can donate one pair of electrons to the central metal
Coordinate number
: The number of coordinate bonds formed between a central ion and it ligands
Complex ions
: A transition metal ion bonded to one or more ligands by coordinate bonds
Ligand substitution
: A reaction in which one ligand complex ion is replaced by another ligand
d-block element
: Highest energy electrons occurs in the d subshell
Optical isomer
: Stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other
The contact process
2 Sulfur dioxide + Oxygen --> 2 sulfur trioxide with a
vandium catalyst
Ligands
Water acts as a ligand as it can donate 2 lone pairs of electrons to the central metal ion to form coordinate bonds
Ammonia acts as a ligand as the Nitrogen has a lone pair of electrons that it can donate to the central metal ion forming a coordinate bond
Any halogen can be a ligand as they have a lone pair of electrons that can be donated to the central metal ion to form a coordinate bond