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What does Elizabeth have to consider with her religious settlement…
What does Elizabeth have to consider with her religious settlement
Elizabeth's religious views
Protestant
Conservative on appearance and ceremony
Calvinist in Doctrine
Neighbouring countries
France, Spain + HRE are mainly catholic and conservative
France defeated English troops and took Calais in 1558
France has troops in Scotland (Auld alliance)
Spain isn't a massive threat, Philip of Spain considers marrying Elizabeth at the beginning of her reign
Divisions in England
A lot of counties in far north, Devon and Cornwall are very catholic and conservative
needs a settlement that isn't going to annoy them too much
Not a lot of places apart from London are Protestant
Parliament
Neale said the commons were really radical and wanted calvinist settlement = NO EVIDENCE FOR THIS
Commons voted religious settlement through
in House of Lords opposed religious settlement b/c bishops sat in house of Lords
Church
Clergy included some that married in Edward's reign
open to protestant church
Mary trained clergy to be more Catholic
Bishops were all catholic
Privy Council
Removed the most catholic people from Mary's reign
No bishops are in the Privy Council
Replaced by ambivalent/protestant people
Did include some people that served on Mary's council but those weren't that catholic, maybe just conservative
Marian exile
8-900 people left during Mary's reign
Knoxians
John Knox was a Scottish calvinist that fled Scotland to England, but when Mary comes to the throne flees again
Further than Edwardian style settlement
Knox writes book criticising female leaders b/c has been exiled by ruler of Scotland + England
Publishes it in 1558 (year that Elizabeth comes to throne)
Elizabeth delaying him coming to England
challenges her position as Supreme head of the church
Coxians
Dr, Richard Cox = 2nd Book of Common Prayer
Edwardian style settlement
Replaced a lot of Privy Council w/ exiles
Swot analysis
Weaknesses
Might not be implemented properly
Difficult to get balance between catholic and protestants
Catholic bishops aren't going to accept a protestant settlement
Are protestants going to accept a compromise e.g. knoxians want it to go further
Opportunities
House of Commons would vote it through
Protestant
Alliances w/ other countries
Scotland in the end
Spain wasn't going to attack
Correlates w/ Elizabeth's own religious views
Strengths
there were different religious views in England at the time so a compromise would be a good idea
The settlement wasn't to extreme for either side - it was more inclusive
now head of church
Can punish people going against religion more effectively because it is now treason again
Threats
Rebellion
From either Protestant or Catholic
Action from other countries, specifically France
Invasion
Both sides could be angry