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Chan_Kelly_Block4_MM8 (APC (. (apc binds to allosteric site to make it…

- - - - important for cyclin to be destroyed
      - cell can get back right to pass through and needs to grow cyclin again
      - always increasing so it needs to be brought down to go back up
- - - - eukaryotes
      - prokaryotes
  - - - prokaryotes
    - - eukaryotes
  - - - eukaryotic gametes
      - meiosis 1
        
        metaphase 1
        
        anaphase 1
        
        telophase 1
        
        prophase 1
      - meiosis 2
        
        metaphase 2
        
        anaphase 2
        
        prophase 2
        
        telophase 2
    - - prokaryotes
      - .
        
        direct contact of two prokaryotic cells
        
        need to have f factor gene (fertility)
        
        needed to form the conjugation pilus
        
        .
        
        F: Fertility
        
        HFR: High Frequency of Recombination
        
        F plasmid: Plasmid containing F factor
        
        F+ Cells = Cells containing F plasmid
        
        F- Cells = Cells lacking F plasmid
        
        HFR Cells = Derivatives of F+ cells with F plasmid integrated into chromosomal DNA
        
        F’ Cells = Derivatives of Hfr cells with F plasmid disintegrated from chromosomal DNA. The F plasmid is a mixture of host and F factor genes.
        
        f factor in plasmid and codes for the protrusion
        
        makes bridge to f- cell and gives it f plasmid,
        
        can integrate f plasmid into chromosome
        
        HFR: high frequency of recombination
- - - - .
        
        one line is chromosome and have one chromatid each
        
        chromosomes can have one chromatid or 2 sister chromatids
        
        (dna is not connected just connected by protein)
    - - each cell has complete set of dna
        
        to do chromosome duplication before separation
  - - - .
        
        g1 growth phase
        
        if not correct size it cant go to g2
        
        check for right amount of nutrient for all the right raw material needed to grow
    - - metaphase anaphase transition
- - - - prokaryotes
      - fungi
      - single daughter cell forms as a bud outside of parent cell
  - - - mitochondria
      - chloroplasts
      - prokaryotes
      - parent divides into two equal daughter cells
    - - eukaryotes
      - .
        
        dna duplication in synthesis
        
        cant see chromosome
        
        b/c cell is actively accessing dna which is not tightly packed so all of transcription factors can access it
        
        prophase
        
        chromosome condenses
        
        anaphase
        
        chromatids separate
        
        being pulled apart
        
        telophase
        
        cytokinesis
        
        .
        
        facilitates by vesicles
        
        bunch of vesicles that meet at midpoint
        
        once vesicles separate the two, they both form cell walls
        
        vesicles instead of pinching used in plant cells,
        
        fuse together until it is separated by the cell wall splitting
        
        pinching
        
        to separate cells
        
        G0: resting phase non dividing cells
        
        ,cell that isnt dividing will be resistant to radiation
        
        . dividing is susceptible to radiation
        
        ex: moles
        
        benign tumors
        
        cell in s phase and g0 phase: s has 2 centrioles and g0 has 1
        
        cell in s phase and g2 phase: g2 has bigger cell than s phases
        
        cells in g2 phase and prophase
        
        centrioles connect and dna is organized into chromosome,
        
        spindle fibers are forming, nuclear envelope is starting to dissolving
        
        cells in prophase and metaphase
        
        : the chromosomes align in middle during metaphase
        
        tissue damage are in g2, signal tissue repair in g2
        
        metaphase
        
        .
        
        chromosome made of chromatids
        
        chromatids connected by proteins that make up cohesin
        
        kinectochore on chromatid side that faces out
        
        where spindle fibers attach
        
        function of centrioles: microtubules organizing center
        
        plant cells dont have centrioles
      - 4 phases
        
        metaphase
        
        anaphase
        
        prophase
        
        telophase