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CELLS :confetti_ball: :tada: :smiley: (Organelles (Present in both Animal…

- - - - Structure
        
        Thin partially permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm
      - Function
        
        To separate the inside of the cell from its surroundings
        
        To keep toxic substances out of the cell
        
        To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell
        
        Keep cell content in one place
    - - Structure
        
        Is the part of the protoplasm between the cell surface membrane and the neucleus
        
        Contains enzymes and a suspension of specialized structures called organelles
      - Function
        
        To support and suspend organelles and other things in the cell
        
        To allow movement in the cell
        
        Maintain the general shape of the cell
        
        To allow materials to pass easily from one organelle to another
    - - Function
        
        controls cell activities such as growth and repair of worn-out parts
        
        Involved in cell division
      - Structure
        
        Small spherical structure surrounded by a nuclear envelope
        
        Contains genetic material in the for of chromatin
    - - Structure
        
        Network of long thread-like structures
        
        Made up of proteins and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
      - Function
        
        Control cell division
        
        Condense to become chromosomes
- - - - Rough ER
        
        Structure
        
        Outer surface appears rough and is continuous with nuclear envelope
        
        Ribosomes attached to outer surface
        
        Function
        
        Transports proteins made by ribosomes to Golgi apparatus for secretion out of cell
      - Smooth ER
        
        Structure
        
        More tubular than RER and may or may not be connected to RER
        
        Function
        
        Makes substances such as lipids and steroids
        
        Converts harmful substances into helpful materials (detoxification)
    - - Structure
        
        Consists of 2 major subunits
        
        Small round structures that are either attached to RERs or lie freely in the cytoplasm
      - Function
        
        Involved in protein synthesis (Free ribosomes make proteins that are used within the cell, ribosomes attached to RER make proteins for secretion out of cell)
    - - Structure
        
        Shaped like a disc
        
        Consists of stacks of flattened spaces surrounded by membrane
        
        Vesicles can be seen fusing with one side of Golgi apparatus and pinching off on opposite side
      - Function
        
        stores and modifies substances made by ER
    - - Function
        
        Store substances within cell
      - Structure
        
        Fluid filled space enclosed by membrane
      - Animal cell: many small vacuoles that contain water, food substances and enzymes- (digestive enzymes to digest invading bacteria); usually exist temporarily
      - Plant cell: large central vacuole containing cell sap (nutrients- sugars, amino acids, mineral salts, wastes, poisonous substances that deter animals from feeding on plant parts) enclosed by a tonoplast (partially permeable)
    - - Structure
        
        Sausage-shaped like organelle
        
        Double membrane with inner membrane folded
      - Function
        
        Site of respiration to release energy from food which is used by cell for growth and reproduction
  - - - Function
        
        Protects the cell from injury and gives plant cell structure and support
      - Structure
        
        Cell wall is fully permeable
        
        Rigid wall made of cellulose
    - - Structure
        
        Oval structures
        
        Contain a green pigment called chlorophyll
      - Function
        
        Carry out photosynthesis
        
        Chlorophyll traps light energy in photosynthesis to make organic molecules (glucose) and free oxygen from carbon dioxide and water