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Political and Economic Issues in the Pacific to 1937 (Balance of Power…
Political and Economic Issues in
the Pacific to 1937
Balance of Power
Decline of China
as the great power of Asia; failure of LON to protect China
Rise of USA
as a commercial empire (had territories in the Pacific; pursuing isolationism in Europe and Open Door policy in China)
Rise of Japan
as a world power (Resentment regarding the lack of acceptance among great powers post-WW1; seeking to become the new centre of Asia through expansion; invasion of Manchuria 1931 & China proper 1937
Decline of European empires
(France, Britain, Netherlands)
The Great Depression
Countryside of Japan hard hit, leading to high enlistment in the army
European powers, GB & USA responded by using high tariffs and trade manipulation. Japan followed suit.
Increase in American and British economic isolation
Japan's growing population and economic hardship increased the need for raw materials from other territories
Collapse of Democracy in Japan
Nominal democracy from the Meiji Constitution
Power lay in the hands of the genro
Increasing influence of militarists (favouring expansion) over internationalists (favouring LON involvement)
Political assassinations in the 1920s
Attempts at international cooperation
Washington Conference (1922)
Lytton Commission (1931)
Japan leaves the League (1933)