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Protists (Plant-like protists (Brown Algae (Most of what we call seaweed…
Protists
Plant-like protists
Plant-like protists are often referred to as algae; like common plants, algae are autotrophs and most use the sun's energy to create their food
Algae provide a significant food source for many other organisms; also, a great amount of the oxygen in Earth's atmosphere is created from algae
Some algae are unicellular while others are multicellular; even then, unicellular algae group together and live in colonies; these colonies can include from a few cells to thousands of cells
In each colony, most of the time each cell carries out all of the functions, only sometimes are cells appointed certain functions
Algae come in so many colors because they contain many different types of PIGMENT, which is types of chemicals that can produce colors
Diatoms
"DIATOMS are unicellular protists with beautiful glasslike walls"; some float in water up near the surface, while others cling to different objects; they are also a food source for marine heterotrophs
When diatoms die, their cell walls fall and collect at the bottom of the water, and create a rough surface known as diatomaceous earth; this substance is often used in cleaning products and insect repellent
Dinoflagellates
DINOFLAGELLATES are unicellular algae that are coated in stiff plates; they come in a variety of colors
They move by twirling like toy tops and many glow in the dark; "they light up the ocean's surface when disturbed by a passing boat or swimmer"
Euglenoids
"EUGLENOIDS are green, unicellular algae that are found mostly in fresh water"
They have one animal-like characteristic; they can sometimes be heterotrophs; when sunlight is available, they are autotrophs like common algae, but otherwise they obtain food from their environment
Eugleanoids have an "eyespot" that is not really an eye, but it does recognize light, an essential part to creating its food
Red Algae
"Almost all red algae are multicellular seaweeds. Divers have found red algae growing more than 260 meters below the ocean's surface. Their red pigments are especially good at absorbing the small amount of light that is able to reach deep ocean waters"
Our society uses red algae in many ways such as; ice cream, hair conditioner, and food that is eaten fresh, dried, or toasted
Green Algae
Green algae can be unicellular, multicellular, or living in colonies; they can also live in fresh water, salt water, between rocks, in tree bark, or in moist soils
Green algae are the closest to the plant kingdom of all the algae. It contains the same green pigment and some scientists think it should be classified as a plant
Brown Algae
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Flourishes in cool, rocky waters
Is home to many organisms, big and small
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Animal-like protists
All animals are heterotrophs, meaning they cannot make their own food and must get their energy from eating other organisms
"Like animals, animal-like protists are heterotrophs, and most are able to move from place to place to obtain food. But unlike animals, animal-like protists, or protozoans, are unicellular"
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Protozoans With Cilia
"Cilliates have structures called CILIA, which are hairlike projections from cells that move with a wavelike motion"
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"The paramecium has two contractile vacuoles that expel water from the cell. It also has more than one nucleus. The large nucleus controls the everyday tasks of the cell. The small nucleus functions in reproduction"
Paramecia usually reproduce asexually, but not always
Protozoans With Flagella
"The third group of protozoans are flagellates, protists that use long, flagella to move. A flagellate may have more than one flagella.
Some of these protozoans live inside other organisms, servicing its needs, while the organism protects the protozoans; The relationship between these two species is called SYMBIOSIS, which is a close relationship/interaction where at least one organism benefits from it.; when both organisms benefit from the relationship, the symbiosis is called mutualism
Sometimes protozoans harm the organism they are living in, which is called a HOST
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Fungus-like protists
"Like fungi, fungus-like protists are heterotrophs, have cell walls, and use spores to reproduce"
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There are three types of fungus-like protists: slime molds, water molds, and downy mildews
Slime Molds
Slime molds mostly live on forest floors and other moist, shady places
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Slime molds can be a variety of sizes, from microscopic to several meters long
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A giant mass can form under two circumstances; either be one cell with many nuclei, or many cells that group together when food is scarce
Slime mold release spores when conditions become harsh, and those reproductive units eventually become new slime molds
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What is a protist?
"PROTISTS are eukaryotes that cannot be classified as animals, plants, or fungi."
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Protists are very diverse; they can be unicellular or multicellular; some are heterotrophs, some are autotrophs, and some are both; some can move and some cannot
Because protists are so diverse, it can be hard to categorize them; but today we classify all protists into three kingdoms: animal-like protists, plant-like protists, and fungus-like protists
Unicellular organisms called diatoms, live in fresh and salt water, and provide a main food source for many marine animals