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Divided Union 1945 - 1974 (The Red Scare and McCarthyism (Reasons for the…

- - - - 1917 Russian Revolution
        
        Resulted in the Russian Empire
        being taken over by communists
        
        A wave of anti-communist
        violence took place across the USA
        
        Americans feared immigrants from
        Eastern Europe would take over the US
        government
        
        Thousands of suspects were arrested
        and some Russian immigrants were sent
        back to Russia
        
        One of the stated aims was world revolution
        and the encouragement of communism
      - Start of the Cold War
        
        Between February and July
        1945, communist
        governments were set
        up in some of the
        countries liberated by
        the USSR
        
        Seen as protection from the west by
        the Russians as 25 million Soviets had been
        killed in WW2
        
        July 16th 1945, USA successfully
        tested an atomic bomb
        
        USSR hadn't been told of the testing
        and saw it as a threat
        
        August 6th and 9th, the US Air Force
        dropped two atomic bombs in Japan
        
        Stalin (leader of USSR) immediately
        boosted the Soviet atomic research
        programme
        
        Soviet Expansion in Europe
        
        1946, communists in Greece tried to
        take over the government
        
        Soviet Union didn't provide materials
        or troops but still voiced encouragement
        
        Added to American fears of communism
        taking over Europe
        
        US government sent money
        to Greece to remove communism
        
        1947 and 1948, remaining countries under
        Soviet influence in Eastern Europe became
        communist
        
        By 1950, all the countries in Eastern
        Europe had communist governments
      - Truman Doctrine and
        Marshall Plan
        
        March 1947, US government
        announced the Truman Doctrine
        
        Promised to help support countries
        resisting takeover by other groups
        or countries
        
        US backed up Truman Doctrine with
        financial aid
        
        Marshall Plan gave millions of dollars
        of aid to many European countries
        suffering economic problems
        
        Soviet Union saw this as USA influence
        and Stalin didn't allow Eastern European
        countries to accept the aid offered
      - The Berlin Crisis
        
        1945, Germany had been split into 4:
        France, USA, USSR and the UK
        
        1946, without consulting the Soviet Union,
        Britain, France and USA combined their
        areas into Western Germany
        
        By 1948, the western zone was showing
        signs of recovering from the war
        
        June 1948, Stalin blocked all road, rail
        and canal supplies to West Berlin
        
        Truman saw it as a threat to Truman Doctrine
        so carried supplies by aircraft
        
        May 1949, Stalin reopened the supply lines
      - The Cold War Escalates
        
        1949-1950
        
        Chinese communists won civil war
        and took control in 1949
        
        Communist uprisings in Malaya, Indonesia,
        Burma and the Philippines
        
        1950, communist North Korea invaded
        capitalist South Korea
        
        US government persuaded UN to
        send military help to help South Korea
        
        North Korea supported by the Soviet Union
        
        UN forces managed to push the North
        Koreans back beyond their initial border,
        threatening China
        
        Provoked China to support North Korea
        
        Fighting ended in July 1953