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Endocrine System (Major Hormones ((anterior pituitary produces seven…
Endocrine System
Major Hormones
Tropic
SS - Somatostatin. This one along with #6 regulates growth hormone levels. Somatostatin used to be called GHIH (growth hormone inhibiting hormone).
GHRH - Growth hormone releasing hormone
GnRH - Gonadotropin releasing hormone. This will stimulate the anterior pituitary to produce the sex hormones.
CRH - Corticotropin releasing hormone. This will stimulate the anterior pituitary to produce ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone).
PIH - Prolactin inhibiting hormone. This one along with #2 regulates prolactin levels.
PRH - Prolactin releasing hormone.
TRH - Thyrotropin releasing hormone. This will stimulate the anterior pituitary to produce TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone).
OT - Oxytocin
ADH - Antidiuretic hormone
These two hormones are made in the neurons of the hypothalamus and travel to the axonal terminal which is in the posterior pituitary.
anterior pituitary produces seven hormones:
FSH - follicle stimulating hormone
LH - leutinizing hormone
ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone
GH - growth hormone
TSH - thyroid stimulating hormone
MSH - melanocyte stimulating hormone
PRL - prolactin
Thyroid
both T3 and T4 is to regulate metabolism by breaking down carbohydrates and fats along with synthesizing proteins. T3 is more effective but T4 is more abundant.
General Function
is a group of organs that secrete hormones
helps maintain homeostasis by coordinating and regulating systems throughout the body
reproduction, growth, development, defense against stress, water, electrolyte, nutrient balance, energy balance, cellular metabolism
Amino acid, includes amines,peptides,proteins
water soluble, except thyroid hormones that are fat soluble
Chemical Classification & Mechanism of Hormone Receptors
Lipids which include steroids
fat soluble, steroid hormone must be attached to a transport protein when traveling in the bloodstream
Control of Hormone Secretion
Tropic Hormones
Blood composition
downregulation: allows the target cells to be less reactive to the excessive hormone levels if there is an increase in the level of hormone circulating in the bloodstream
upregulaton: increase number or sensitivity of receptors for that hormone
feedback loop: keeps homeostasis in check, either negative or positive
controls release of other hormones, help in the rapid release of a particular hormone, can be releasing or inhibiting
Control by Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland
hypothalamus-pituitary complex coordinates cell-to-cell communication between the nervous and endocrine systems
hypothalamus produces hormones that have direct effects on body tissues, these hormones are secreted within the posterior pituitary
hypothalamus secretes tropic hormones into the blood vessels within the hypothalamus, these affect the anterior ptuitary