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Starch (Usage (food (main), papers, textiles, adhesives, beverages,…

- - - - hydrate easily when heated in water
      - swell and gelatinize
      - viscosity increases to a peak value, followed by rapid decrease
      - poor stability
      - poor tolerance to acidity
      - low resistance to shear pressure
    - - food
      - metallurgic
      - mining
      - fermentation
      - construction
      - cosmetics
      - pharmaceuticals
      - textile
      - paper
      - cardboard
  - - - modification processes
        
        chemical
        
        physical
        
        enzymatic
      - altered properties
        
        paste temperature
        
        solids / viscosity ratio
        
        starch paste resistance to reduction of viscosity by acids
        
        heat and mechanical agitation
        
        retrogradation tendencies
        
        ionic and hydrophilic nature
    - - food
      - textile
      - pharmaceuticals
      - petroleum
      - paper
    - - thickening
      - gelatinization
      - adhesiveness
      - film-formation
      - improved water retention
      - enhance palatibility
      - remove / add opacity
- - - - Characteristics
        
        Advantages
        
        high freeze-thaw stability
        
        high paste viscosity
        
        high paste clarity
        
        simple extraction process
        
        first-rate quality starch can be obtained by using only water
        
        high level of purity
        
        neutral taste
        
        cassava contains a high concentration of starch
        
        high water retention
        
        Disadvantages
        
        need to be processed immediately after harvesting
      - Production
        
        Methods
        
        wet milling of fresh cassava roots (primary method)
        
        from dry cassava chips (common in Thailand)
        
        Processing
        
        Fresh Tubers
        
        preparation
        
        a. peeling
        
        b. washing
        
        pulping / grating
        
        a. grating
        
        b. mixing with water
        
        c. filtering
        
        d. settling
        
        starch washing
        
        drying
        
        a. dewatering
        
        b. drying
        
        milling
        
        Produce
        
        25% starch from mature, good quality tubers
        
        60% starch from dry cassava chips
        
        10% dry pulp
        
        Seasons
        
        fresh tubers are processed during season
        
        dry chips are processed off season
        
        Machinery
        
        peelers
        
        washers
        
        graters
        
        pressers
        
        extruders
        
        millers
        
        dryers
        
        pelletizers
        
        sealers
        
        packing machines
      - Harvesting
        
        Critical Factors
        
        age
        
        root quality
      - Usage
        
        modified starch
        
        starch sugars
        
        starch-based plastics
        
        fuel alcohol
        
        food
        
        general
        
        direct
        
        cooked starch food
        
        custard
        
        thickeners
        
        soup
        
        baby food
        
        gravy
        
        sauce
        
        fillers
        
        pills
        
        tablets
        
        pharmaceuticals
        
        face cream
        
        binders
        
        sausages
        
        processed meat
        
        stabilizers
        
        ice cream
        
        examples
        
        bakery products
        
        flour
        
        biscuits
        
        confectioneries
        
        gum
        
        toffee
        
        Turkish delight
        
        sweets
        
        fondant
        
        canned fruits, jams & preserves
        
        MSG & Lysine
        
        citric acid (can use pulp or cassava chips)
        
        caramel
        
        glucose
        
        paper
        
        relevant characteristics
        
        strong film
        
        clear paste
        
        good water holding
        
        stable viscosity
        
        application
        
        during wet treatment
        
        increase resistance to scuffing and folding
        
        strengthens the finished product
        
        at the size press
        
        improves
        
        finish
        
        strength
        
        appearance
        
        printing properties
        
        coating operation
        
        textile
        
        application
        
        sizing
        
        finishing
        
        printing
        
        adhesives
        
        products
        
        mineral wool for tiles and ceramics ceiling pre firing
        
        charcoal adhesive for binding charcoal briquettes
        
        paper adhesive