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Erik Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development (8 Stages (Infancy-…
Erik Erikson's Stages of Psychosocial Development
What is it?
Psychological development in a social context
how a person's mind, emotions, & maturity level develop throughout the course of their lifetime
Individual faces "crisis"/challenge to be relatively resolved in order to move on to the next stage
Growth does not demand the elimination of the -ve dimension for the +ve dimension to thrive
too much +ve makes us too gullible
+ve should outweigh the -ve
unfavorable outcome in 1 stage makes it > diff to fully meet the challenge of the next stage.
failures at 1 stage can be rectified by successes at later stages
8 Stages
Infancy- age 0-1
Trust vs Mistrust
Qn
: Is my world predictable & supportive?
Outcome
: Trust/mistrust of ppl, environment & self, secure attachment
depends on quality of care baby receives
Toddler- age 2-3
Autonomy vs Shame/doubt
Qn:
Am I able to do things myself or rely on others?
Outcome:
Mastery of bodily functions, self-control & confidence
If c/g encourage & gives child autonomy to do what he is capable of, he develops a sense of autonomy.
Early Childhood- age 4-5
Initiative vs Guilt
Qn:
Am I good or bad?
Outcome:
↑ability to learn, explore, & express w/o shame
depends on parents' response to child's self-initiated activities
Elementary & middle sch years- age 6-11
Industry vs Inferiority
Qn:
Am I competent or inadequate?
Outcome:
Mastery of tools, skills, & sense of competence
depends on extent of others' encouragement
Adolescence- age 12-18
Identity vs Role Confusion
Qn:
Who am I and where am I going?
Outcome:
Sense of self & identity, clearer ideas of vocation, sexual orientation & role in life
Test limits, break dependent ties, establish new identity in transition btw childhood & adulthood. Puberty, homonal changes --> confusion↑
Young Adulthood- age 19-40
Intimacy vs Isolation
Qn:
Am I good enough to share my life w another or am I better off by myself?
Outcome:
Ability to share & commit to deep lasting r/s
Ability to share w & care about another person w/o the fear of losing oneself in the process.
Middle Adulthood- age 41- 65
Generativity vs Stagnation
Qn:
Have I produced smth of real value?
Outcome:
Ability to guide & establish the next gen, w focus on others & not just self
Concerned w others beyond the self and family to help future generations achieve sense of productivity.
Late Adulthood- age 65- death
Integrity vs Despair
Qn:
Have I lived a full life?
Outcome:
Acceptance of one's life & place, sense of fulfilment about life
Looking back on life with satisfaction and few regrets and feeling personally worthwhile
Review
:check:provides a broad framework from which to view development throughout the lifespan
:check: emphasize the social nature of humans & the impt influence that social r/s have on personality development
:red_cross: exact mechanisms for resolving conflicts & moving on are not well described/developed
:red_cross: fails to detail exactly what type of exp are necesssary
C may have characteristics of diff stages w.r.t diff things in life (similar to having mental capacity for different things)