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Plant Reproduction (Pollination (Self/ Cross Pollination (Self pollination…
Plant Reproduction
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Sexual
Seedless
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Non-vascular
Gametophyte = dominant, sporophyte depends on gametophyte for food and support.
Vascular
Sporophyte is dominant, gametophyte = smaller, short lived.
Seed
Gymnosperms
Developed sperm from pollen grains doesn't have a flagella, sperm to egg transfer is through a pollen tube.
After fertilization, zygote turns into embryo, embryo is covered by a waterproof coat forming a seed.
Seeds= released, carried away through wind.
Angiosperm
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Stamens= male reproductive organs, containing filament and anther.
Filament suports anther, which has cells undergoing meiosis and mitotic cell division to form pollen grains: two sperm forms.
Pistil = female reproductive structure, has a stigma, style and ovary
Stigma = place where pollination takes place, style connects stigma and ovary which has one ore more ovules so female gametophyte develops in it.
Asexual
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Artificial propogation
Cell Culturing: Individual plant cell put in nutrient-rich environment where platelets form, and then put into soil to form individual plants. The pros: can produce mass amounts of plants( endangered plants)
Air Layering: Strip of outer bark is removed and tightly sealed for moist environment then new root system start to form and is then planted. The Pros: Can be used on woody plants that cannot use other ethods
Simple Layering: Plants with low lying stems are put into the ground where they develop individual shoot and root systems. The pros: Large, mature and genetically identical daughter plant is produced faster. Also still has connection to parent plant which can provide it with nutrients
Root cutting: root removed from a parent plant and placed horizontally in a bed of soil and organized in rows. This develops small individual plants with separate shoot and root systems. The pros: plants can be grown faster in off seasons simply with minimal costs and offer as an alternative to vegetative propagation
Plants
Haploid
- Meiosis form spores that undergo cell diviion which mature into gametophyte when divides
- turns into male and female gamete that combine to form diploid
Diploid
- Fertilization forms zygote( 2n) fertilization occurs when sperm units with an egg to form zygote which develops into an embryo (covered by tough layer=sed) -
- male+female=sporophyte -sporophyte goes through cell division where reproductive cells develop and the process repeats.