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iGCSE Exams (Case Studies (Toulouse Congestion (Tisseo (New Metro Line (21…

- - - - Positive
        
        3/4 have electricity
        
        People build their own housing solves housing issues
      - Negative
        
        Battles between drug lord and police
        
        High Murder Rate
        
        High population density of 37,000km
    - - Positive
        
        3.3 million in the illegal drug trafficing
        
        Tourism boost
      - Negative
        
        Miss out on illegal drug money
        
        Missed out on taxing favelas
    - - Positive
        
        Paint favelas reduces visual pollution
        
        Public transport decreases cars
      - Negative
        
        Illegal electricity mean they can't monitor (Paris Climate Agreement)
        
        Lack of sewers
        
        Land mass used
  - - - Face less congestion > Get to work quicker > Do more work
      - Improves smaller roads > Doesn't fix larger roads like N124
    - - Reduces travel times, congestion and emissions
    - - Encourages carpooling
      - More sociable and lowers emissions
      - Cheaper
    - - Clean and works well in Toulouse's climate
      - Invests in more bike lins
    - - New Metro Line
        
        21 stations (3 at Airbus)
        
        Opens 2024
        
        Toulouse Aerospace Express
        
        Spans 27km
        
        Cost 2.33 billion euros
      - Metro Lines
        
        Metros every 2 minutes
      - Tram Lines
        
        T1 and T2 connect Industrial District to Residential Areas and the CBD
      - Bus Lines
        
        By end of 2019 Buses will be electric from airport to Toulouse
        
        Hasn't bought a diesel bus since 2014
  - - - Increases life expectancy
      - Infant Mortality decreases
        
        Average number of death per year in 1000 of those under age of 1
    - - Lack of use of contraception (religion) over 50% don't use
    - - High cost of living
      - Pressure on public services (school, hospitals)
      - Congestion
      - Degradation of Environment
      - Depletion of Natural Resources
  - - - Less people to support public services (transport)
      - Lots more space
      - Shortage of workers (lower optimum productivity)
    - - Only 10% of land can be lived on
        
        Size of Zambia
      - Strict immigration laws and refusal of migrants
      - Limited water
      - Infertile soil
      - Far from anyway (15,000km)
- - - - Erosion
        
        The wearing away of rock along the coastline by destructive waves
        
        Hydraulic Action
        
        Where the sheer power of waves as they hit cliffs causes the rocks the break when air becomes trapped in the rock cracks.
        
        Corrasion
        
        Pebbles grind along rocks (like sandpaper), making the rock smoother
        
        Attrition
        
        When the rock that the sea is carrying knock against each other and break apart.
        
        Corrosion
        
        Where the sea water dissolves certain types of rock, such as chalk and limestone cliffs
      - Transportation
        
        Transportation is the movement of material in the sea and along the coast by waves. The movement of material along the coast is called longshore drift.
      - Deposition
        
        Deposition is when material that is being transported is dropped by constructive waves. It happens because waves have less energy.
    - - Soft rock erodes quicker that hard rock
      - Bays (inwards) soft rock surrounded by hardrock
      - Headlands hardrock surrounded by softrock
    - - Groynes
        
        Prevents LSD, effective but costly
      - Breakwater
        
        Wall that waves hit
      - Gabions
        
        Sacrificial Protection using natural materials (pebbles in cages), cheap to make, takes up space
      - Sea Walls
        
        Breakwater that is curved to waves go back a hit themselves
      - Revetment
        
        slanting wood catches sediment from LSD and builds up waves
  - - - Emergents
        
        Tall trees to grow above the canopy layer and get vast amounts of sunlight. Can exceed 50m in height
      - Canopy
        
        Contains 50% of the rainforests wildlife. Is very thick and sits between 25 to 35 metres.
      - Understory
        
        Gets up to 15% of all sunlight (makes it dark). Contains young trees and plants have big leaves to get as much light as possible.
      - Forest Floor
        
        Gets 2% of all sunlight. Little vegetation; mostly fallen leaves etc... and decomposes very quickly meaning there is a thin layer of decaying material.
    - - Global Warming
      - Loses of natural resources
      - Animals lose homes
  - - - Forms in shallow water, cannot grow deeper than 70m;
      - Need large amount of sunlight, feed off 1 cell organisms
      - Formed in tropical water where water is warm enough (27°C)
    - - Fringing Reefs
        
        Formed upward from a volcanic island, below sea levels, circular and lagoon in the centre
        
        Crook'd Islands
      - Barrier Reef
        
        Borders a shoreline, separated from land, deep
        
        Great Barrier Reef
      - Atolls
        
        Circular Shape, Open lagoon centre
        
        Virgin Islands Coral Reef
- - - - The average number of live births in a year per 1000 people
    - - The average number of deaths in a year per 1000 people
    - - The number of adults who can read and write
    - - Gromestic Domestic Product / Total Population
      - How the average earnings of people from a country
    - - The average number of years a person is expected to live
  - - - Wars casuing refugees
      - Racial discrimination
      - Improved prospects
      - Unemployment
      - Natural Disaster
      - Starvation
      - Lack of basic amenities
    - - Better Climate
      - Better Healthcare
      - be with friends and relative
      - Entertainment
      - Better housing
      - Better lifestyle
      - Cleaner, safe environment
- - - - A settlement that follows transport or relief with a medium population density
    - - BA settlement with access to many resources such as transports and infrastructure
    - - A settlement with a lack of infrastructure and low population density due a lack of resources and services