Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Plant Anatomy (Plant Tissue (Dermal: (Outer covering = epideris forming a…
Plant Anatomy
Plant Tissue
Meristematic:
- Apical meristem lets plantsroots and stem grow.
- Intercalary meristem is found at the steam and base of leaf blades.
- Circumference, girth or root increase leads to two types of lateral meristems: vascular and cork cambium.
- Vascular-necessary for secondary growth, cork-produce cells developing tough walls and protective layer.
- where new cells are produced, have embryonic tissues, makes up of meristems (rapidly divinding cells).
- When they mature, can transfrom into any specialized plant cell
Dermal:
Outer covering = epideris forming a protective covering over non woody and young woody plants.
Older woodies form periderm replacing epidermis forming cork.
Specialized Epidermal Tissue
- Guard cells surround a stomata, controlling its size.
- When stomata is open, gas exchange occurs.
Specialized structures
- Trichomes: tiny growths on epidermis suface making leaf surface cool reducing evaporation.
- Root hair: extension increasing surface area for water and nutrient absorption.
Ground Tissue:
-:forms of plant's internal and external material.
Includes parenchyma, collenchyma and schlerenchyma.
Functions: photosynthesis, storage and support.
Vascular:
- internal system running stem length through plant, connects roots and leaves.
Xylem
- water conducting, consists of tracheids and vessel elements.
- Once they mature, they die, leaving non living cells in place, so fluids can pass.
Phloem
- food conducting, two tupes = sieve tube elements and companion cells
- Sieve have no nucleus and have plated ends with holes.
Plant Cells
Parenchyma
- provides basis for plant, function includes photosynthesis, gas exchange, storage and protection, are tightly packed.
- In leaves and green stems with many choloroplasts.
- Others in roots and fruits lack chloroplasts but have vacuoles for storage.
Collenchyma:
- long elongated cells providing support and are found when pulled from celery stalk. (can be unevenly thick)
- As it grows, the thinner portions of its walls expand letting it become flexible
-
Root Structure
Root Structure
Root Cap- protective covering on the tip of the root
- Consists of parenchyma cells that help protect the growing tissues as the root extends.
- cells of root cap produce slimy substance.
- Together with outside layer of cells, reduces friction as the root grows through materials such as soil
Roots
- Outer Root Layer- covered in a layer of **dermal tissue
- Epidermal cells produce root hairs increasing surface area of root.
- Absorbs water and dissolved minerals.
- All materials entering must pass cortex to go to vascular tissue.
Roots
- Inner Root Vascular System: Inside the endodermis are the vascular tissues, xylem and phloem.
- Monocots- xylem cells typically form a ring around the central core of cells called the pith. Phloem cells surround the xylem cells.
Stems
Types
- Tuber- enlarged part of an underground stem. Buds extending from it will grow into new potato plants
- Bulbs- shortened, compressed stems surrounded by fleshy leaves (onion)
- Corms- composed entirely of stem tissue with some scaly leaves at its top. (Crocuses)
- Stolons- Horizontal stems that grow above ground, along surface of soil( Strawberry plants)
-
- Cortex- layer of cell in between epidermis and vascular tissues of the root. All materials that enter the roots must pass through the cortex to get to the vascular tissue
- This layer is composed of ground tissue made of parenchyma cells that transport and store water, food and minerals
-
- Dicots- xylem cells often form an X or star shape, phloem cells are between the arms of the star