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Plant Growth and Development: After a seed germinates it must go…

- - - - Ethylene (gaseous hormone)
        
        Function
        
        weaken the cells of unripe fruitsand breaks down carbohydrates into simple sugars to promote ripening of fruit
        
        Location in plant
        
        produced in all parts especially when under stress or ripening
        
        most commonly found in ripening flowers dying leaves and flowers
      - Abscisic Acid
        
        Function
        
        induces and maintains seed dormancy
        
        inhibits shoot growth
        
        closes stomata
        
        Location in Plant
        
        Mature leaves/ plants under stress
    - - Auxins
        
        Location in plant
        
        When released in the apical meristem it creates apical dominance this is where the plant mainly grows upward and little laterally
        
        shoot tips and developing leaves and seeds
        
        Function
        
        Stimulate the elongation of cells
        
        regulate cell expansion in plant response to light and gravity
        
        keep in mind the effect of auxin varies depending on location and concetration (eg. low concentration= cell elongation)
      - Cytokinins
        
        Function
        
        promote cell division- by stimulating the production of of protiens needed for mitosis and cytokenesis
        
        Location in Plant
        
        root tips
      - Gibberellins
        
        Function
        
        change plant cell walls, stop dormancy in seeds, and can reverse genetic dwarfism
        
        stimulate seed germination
        
        Stimulate cell elongation
        
        Location in Plant
        
        produced in apical meristem and transported in the vascular tissue
- - - - Example- opening of flower during day and closing during night
    - - Positive tropism: toward the stimulus/ Negative tropism: away from stimulus
      - Phototrophism: plants response to light (caused by an uneven distribution of auxin which can cause it to move away or closer depending on where the uneven distribution is
      - Gravitropism: plants response to gravity (usually positive toward the ground to anchor but can be negative to have more light exposure)
      - Thigmotropism- plants response to touch or contact (eg- wrapping around a fence or tree)