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Staining (Basic (cationic, basic component of the dyes molecule is…
Staining
Basic
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carry net +ve charge, binds to -ve charged tissue
form salts with tissue anion (especially phosphate gp of nucleic acid and sulfate gp of glycosaminoglycans)
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exp: methyl green, toluidine ble, iodine, safranin
Acid
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carry net -ve charge, binds to +ve charged tissue
form salt with cationic gp in cells and tissue, particulary the ionized amino gp of protein
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exp: eosin, analine blue, fast green, orange green
Specific stains
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mallory-azan- trichrome method- stain collagen fiber and mucus blue,nuclei and cytoplasmic component red
mason- trichrome- collagen fiber green,cytoplasmic component purplish-red
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Orcein, Resorcin-Fuchsin- elastic fibers
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Term related to dyes
Mordants: Fix tissue,make sure dyes are there
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Metachromasia: refers to production of a colour during staining which is diff from the original colour of staining solution (mast cell granules - reddish purple with toluidine blue)
Procedures
- slide mounted and passed through xylol, toluol or xylene to remove paraffin
- slide passed through 100% alcohol to remove xylol
- slide passed through decreasing strength of alcohol and lastly through water
- stain applied to slice for varying amount of time depends on stain and desired treatment effect
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Neutral
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exp: Leishmann's stain with mix of eosin and methylene blue (acid-cytoplasm,basic-nucleus,certain parts may have affinity for composite neutral dye)
Why?
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increase contrast among tissue component by use of 2/3 stains selectively colour the diff tissue component (refer as staining and counterstaining)