Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
ASPIRIN AND PENICILLIN (ASPIRIN (PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS (ANTICOAGULANT…
ASPIRIN AND PENICILLIN
ASPIRIN
A MILD ANALGESIC (NON NARCOTIC)
EXAMPLE
IBUPROFEN
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
INHIBIT RELEASE OF PROSTAGLANDINS AT SITE OF INJURY
PREVENT STIMULATION OF INJURED NERVE
ANTICOAGULANT
REDUCES ABILITY OF BLOOD TO CLOT
USEFUL AS PROPHYLACTIC TO PREVENT HEART ATTACKS AND STROKES
IRRITATION AND ULCERATION OF STOMACH AND DUODENUM
INCREASED WHEN TAKEN WITH ETHANOL (SYNERGY)
DEVELOPMENT
SALICIN RECOGNIZED AS ACTIVE INGREDIENT IN WILLOW BARK THAT PROVIDED RELIEF TO PAIN
SALICIN CONVERTED INTO SALICYLIC ACID (TASTES AWFUL AND CAUSE PATIENT TO VOMIT)
BAYER COMPANY MADE AN ESTER DERIVATIVE OF SALICYLIC ACID CALLED ASPIRIN
SYNTHESIS
SALICYLIC ACID + ETHANOIC ANHYDRIDE --> ASPIRIN AND ETHANOIC ACID
PRODUCT PURIFIED THROUGH RECHRYSTALLIZATION
BIOAVAILABILITY CAN BE CONTROLLED BY MODIFYING ITS SOLUBILITY
PENICILLIN
DISCOVERY
ALEXANDER FLEMING NOTICED THAT THERE IS A ZONE OF INHIBITION AROUND PENICILLUM NOTATUM
HE CONCLUDED THE MOULD PRODUCED SOMETHING THAT INHIBITED GROWTH OF BACTERIA
DEVELOPMMENT
HOWARD FLOREY AND ERNST CHAIN ISOLATED PENICILLIN AS THE ACTIVE INGREDIENT CAUSING THE INHIBITION
LARGE SCALE PRODUCTION METHOD USING DEEP FERMENTATION TANKS CONTAINING CORN STEEP LIQUOR
ACTION
DOROTHY HODGKIN DISCOVERED STRUCTURE OF PENICILLIN
DIPEPTIDE FORMED FROM CYSTEINE AND VALINE
ANTIBIOTIC PROPERTIES CAUSED BY BETA LACTAM RING
BETA LACTAM RING HAS BIG STRAIN ON BONDS, BREAKS EASILY
THIS ENABLES AMIDE GROUP IN THE RING TO BIND TO ACTIVE SITE IN TRANSPEPTIDASE
FORMATION OF POLYPEPTIDE CROSS LINKS BETWEEN MUCOPEPTIDE CHAINS
CELL WALL UNABLE TO SUPPORT CELL
EFFECTIVE AGAINST WIDE RANGE OF BACTERIA
EASILY BROKEN DOWN BY STOMACH ACID
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE
SOME BACTERIA PRODUCE BETA-LACTAMASE WHICH RENDERS THE RING INEFFECTIVE
RESPONSES
SYNTHESISE DIFFERENT FORMS OF PENICILLIN
CONTROL AND RESTRICT USE OF ANTIBIOTICS